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[[File:Mongols-map.png|thumb|upright=2.05|right|This map shows the boundary of the 13th-century [[Mongol Empire]] and location of today's Mongols in modern Mongolia, Russia and China.]]
== Geographic distribution ==
Today, the majority of Mongols live in the modern state of Mongolia, China (mainly Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang), Russia, [[Kyrgyzstan]] and Afghanistan.
The differentiation between tribes and peoples (ethnic groups) is handled differently depending on the country. The [[Tumed]], [[Chahar (Mongols)|Chahar]], [[Ordos people|Ordos]], [[Barga Mongols|Barga]], [[Altai Uriankhai]], [[Buryats]], [[Dörbed|Dörböd]] (Dörvöd, Dörbed), [[Torguud]], [[Dariganga Mongols|Dariganga]], [[Üzemchin]] (or Üzümchin), [[Bayads]], [[Khoton]], [[Myangad]] (Mingad), [[Eljigin]], [[Zakhchin]], [[Darkhad]], and [[Olots]] (or Öölds or Ölöts) are all considered as tribes of the Mongols.
=== Subgroups ===
The Eastern Mongols are mainly concentrated in Mongolia, including the [[Khalkha Mongols|Khalkha]], [[Eljigin|Eljigin Khalkha]], [[Darkhad]], [[Sartuul|Sartuul Khalkha]], and [[Dariganga Mongols|Dariganga]] (Khalkha).
The [[Buryats]] are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the [[Buryat Republic]], a federal subject of Russia. They are the major northern subgroup of the Mongols.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shimamura|first1=Ippei|title=The Roots Seekers: Shamanism and Ethnicity Among the Mongol Buryats|date=2014|publisher=Shumpusha|location=Kanagawa, Japan|isbn=978-4-86110-397-1}}</ref> The Barga Mongols are mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolia, China, along with the [[Buryats]] and [[Hamnigan]].
The Southern or Inner Mongols mainly are concentrated in [[Inner Mongolia]], China. They comprise the [[Abaga Mongols]], [[Abaganar]], [[Aohan]], [[Asud]], [[Baarins]], [[Chahars|Chahar]], [[Durved]], [[Gorlos]], [[Kharchin]], [[Hishigten]], [[Khorchin]], [[Huuchid]], [[Jalaid]], [[Jaruud]], [[Muumyangan]], [[Naiman (Southern Mongols)]], [[Onnigud]], [[Ordos Mongols|Ordos]], [[Sunud]], [[Tümed]], [[Urad Mongols|Urad]], and [[Uzemchin]].
The Western Mongols or [[Oirats]] are mainly concentrated in Western Mongolia:
*184,000 Kalmyks (2010) — Kalmykia, Russia
*205,000 Mongolian Oirats (2010)
*140,000 Oirats (2010) — [[Xinjiang]] region, China
*90,000 Upper Mongols (2010) — [[Qinghai]] region, China. The Khoshuts are the major subgroup of the Upper Mongols, along with the [[Choros]], [[Khalkha]] and [[Torghut]]s.
*12,000 [[Sart Kalmyks]] (Zungharian descents) (2012) — [[Kyrgyzstan]]. Religion: [[Sunni Islam]].
[[Altai Uriankhai]], [[Baatud]], [[Bayads|Bayad]], [[Chantuu]], [[Choros]], [[Durvud]], [[Khoshut]], [[Khoid]], [[Khoton]], [[Myangad]], [[Olots]], [[Sart Kalmyks]] (mainly Olots), [[Torghut]], [[Zakhchin]].
*[[Kalmyks]] — [[Baatud]], [[Buzava]], [[Choros]], [[Durvud]], [[Khoid]], [[Olots]], [[Torghut]].
*[[Upper Mongols|Upper Mongolian Oirats]] — [[Choros]], [[Khoshut]], [[Torghut]].
=== Mongolia ===
{{See also|Demographics of Mongolia}}
[[File:Men and Women in Traditional Mongolian Dress Look on as Secretary Kerry Attends a "Mini-Nadaam" at a Field Outside of Ulaanbaatar (27506837976).jpg|thumb|250px|Mongol women in traditional dress]]
In modern-day Mongolia, Mongols make up approximately 95% of the population, with the largest ethnic group being [[Khalkha Mongols]], followed by Buryats, both belonging to the Eastern Mongolic peoples. They are followed by Oirats, who belong to the Western Mongolic peoples.
Mongolian ethnic groups:
[[Baarins|Baarin]], [[Baatud]], [[Barga Mongols|Barga]], [[Bayad]], [[Buryats|Buryat]],
[[Chahar Mongols|Selenge Chahar]], [[Chantuu]], [[Darkhad]], [[Dariganga Mongols|Dariganga]]
[[Dörbet Oirat]], [[Eljigin]], [[Khalkha Mongols|Khalkha]], [[Hamnigan]], [[Kharchin Mongols|Kharchin]], [[Khoid]], [[Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin]], [[Khotogoid|Hotogoid]], [[Khotons|Khoton]], [[Huuchid]], [[Myangad]], [[Olots]], [[Sartuul]],
[[Torgut]], [[Tümed]], [[Üzemchin Mongols|Üzemchin]], [[Zakhchin]].
=== China ===
{{Main|Mongols in China}}
[[File:Six Strongmen In Traditional Dress, China.jpg|thumb|250px|Strong Mongol men at August games. Photo by Wm. Purdom, 1909]]
The 2010 census of the People's Republic of China counted more than 7 million people of various Mongolic groups. The 1992 census of China counted only 3.6 million ethnic Mongols.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} The 2010 census counted roughly 5.8 million ethnic Mongols, 621,500 Dongxiangs, 289,565 Mongours, 132,000 Daurs, 20,074 Baoans, and 14,370 Yugurs.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} Most of them live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, followed by [[Liaoning]]. Small numbers can also be found in provinces near those two.
There were 669,972 Mongols in Liaoning in 2011, making up 11.52% of Mongols in China.<ref>"Tianya" network: [http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-259-10066-1.shtml General situation of Mongols in Liaoning] (in Chinese)</ref> The closest Mongol area to the sea is the Dabao Mongol Ethnic Township ({{lang|zh-hans|[[:zh:大堡蒙古族乡|大堡蒙古族乡]]}}) in [[Fengcheng, Liaoning|Fengcheng]], Liaoning. With 8,460 Mongols (37.4% of the township population){{citation needed|date=March 2020}} it is located {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}from the North Korean border and {{convert|65|km|abbr=on}}from [[Korea Bay]] of the Yellow Sea. Another contender for closest Mongol area to the sea would be Erdaowanzi Mongol Ethnic Township ({{lang|zh-hans|[[:zh:二道湾子蒙古族乡|二道湾子蒙古族乡]]}}) in [[Jianchang County]], Liaoning. With 5,011 Mongols (20.7% of the township population){{citation needed|date=March 2020}} it is located around {{convert|65|km|abbr=on}}from the [[Bohai Sea]].
Other peoples speaking Mongolic languages are the [[Daur people|Daur]], [[Sogwo Arig]], [[Monguor people]], [[Dongxiangs]], [[Bonans]], [[Sichuan Mongols]] and eastern part of the [[Yugur people]]. Those do not officially count as part of the Mongol ethnicity, but are recognized as ethnic groups of their own. The Mongols lost their contact with the Mongours, Bonan, Dongxiangs, Yunnan Mongols since the fall of the Yuan dynasty. Mongolian scientists and journalists met with the Dongxiangs and Yunnan Mongols in the 2000s.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
[[Inner Mongolia]]:
Southern Mongols, [[Barga Mongols|Barga]], [[Buryats|Buryat]], [[Dörbet Oirat]], [[Khalkha Mongols|Khalkha]], [[Dzungar people]], [[Ejin Banner|Eznee Torgut]].
[[Xinjiang]] province:
[[Altai Uriankhai]], [[Chahars|Chahar]], [[Khoshut]], [[Olots]], [[Torghut]], [[Zakhchin]].
[[Qinghai]] province: [[Upper Mongols]]: [[Choros]], [[Khalkha Mongols]], [[Khoshut]], [[Torghut]].
=== Russia ===
{{Main|Buryats|Kalmyk people|Demographics of Russia|Demographics of Siberia}}
Two Mongolic ethnic groups are present in Russia; the 2010 census found 461,410 [[Buryats]] and 183,400 Kalmyks.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Kalmyks
| url = http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=2497
| publisher = World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 2008-05-18
}}</ref>
=== Elsewhere ===
{{main|Mongolian diaspora}}
Smaller numbers of Mongolic peoples exist in Western Europe and North America. Some of the more notable communities exist in [[Mongolians in South Korea|South Korea]], the [[Mongolian American|United States]], the [[Mongolians in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] and the [[Mongolians in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]].
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