ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ

ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱪᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱵᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

A large, modern fertilizer spreader

A Lite-Trac Agri-Spread lime and fertilizer spreader at an agricultural show

ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱺᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ hydrogen, oxygen (ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤ ᱜᱮᱥ), ᱟᱨ carbon ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ

᱑. ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ (nitrogen) ᱺ- ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱩᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒. ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥ (phosphorus) ᱺ- ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱡᱩᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱓. ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥ (potash) ᱺ- ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

Fat ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ carbohydrate ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱚᱸᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ calcium, a magnesium ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ iron, copper, manganese ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ (manure) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ (fertilizer) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱪᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ-ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱷᱚᱛ

Founded in 1812, Mirat, producer of manures and fertilizers, is claimed to be the oldest industrial business in Salamanca (Spain).

ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ, ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱺᱬᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱥᱴ, ᱠᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱡ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱦᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ-ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱵᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱬᱪᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱨ

ᱤᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ

ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ (chemical) ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱨᱟ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱮᱡ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ, ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥ (potash) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱚᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱞᱯᱷᱮᱴ (ammonium sulphate), ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱚᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱮᱴ (calcium ammonium nitrate) ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (urea) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ nitrogen ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ (nitrogen) ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱒᱐, ᱒᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱔ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱞᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ (sulphur phosphate) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱕ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱩᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱞᱯᱷᱮᱴ (potassium sulphate) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥ (potash) ᱱᱮᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ potash ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱐ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱚᱯᱷᱚᱥ (Amophus) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱨᱚᱢᱚᱨ (Gromor) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱥ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ (nitrogen) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱥ (phosphorus) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• Nitrogen for Feeding Our Food, Its Earthly Origin, Haber Process
• International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA)
• Agriculture Guide, Complete Guide to Fertilizers and Fertilization Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱑᱐-᱐᱖ at the Wayback Machine.
• 4R's Nutrient Stewardship program from The Fertilizer Institute Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱑-᱑᱘ at the Wayback Machine.