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Charlemagne or Charles the Great (748-814) was King of the Franks, King of the Lombards, and the first Holy Roman Emperor. Due to his military accomplishments and conquests he has been called the "Father of Europe".

Heraldic crown of the King of the Romans (variant used in the early modern period)

The Iron Crown of the Lombards, a surviving example of an early medieval royal crown

12th-century depiction of Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths.

Louis XIV of France, the "Sun King" (Roi-Soleil), who ruled at the height of French absolutism (painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701).

King Robert I of Scotland