ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPA-sw
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ, ᱵᱟᱡᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱚ (ᱥᱳᱢᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ), ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱠ (mostly ᱢᱣᱟᱱᱤ), ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱤ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱳᱢᱳᱨᱳᱥ, ᱢᱟᱭᱚᱛ, ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱐᱓) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ; L2 ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ: ᱙᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑᱙᱙᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱕)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱷᱳᱞᱴᱟᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱮᱱᱩᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱳᱭᱤᱰ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱳᱭᱤᱰ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱠᱤ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ (ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ); ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ); ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱤᱞ;
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	6 countries ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ; ᱰᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ; ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ; ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ ; ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ; ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ ; Organizations * ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ; * ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ; * ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ;
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ; ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱠ; ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱤ; ᱳᱢᱟᱱ; ᱥᱳᱢᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ;
ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ	Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa (ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ); Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ);
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-1	sw
ISO 639-2	swa
ISO 639-3	swa – inclusive code; Individual codes:; swc – Congo Swahili; swh – Coastal Swahili; ymk – Makwe; wmw – Mwani
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	swah1254
ᱜᱩᱛᱷᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ	G.42–43;; G.40.A–H (pidgins & creoles);
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	99-AUS-m
	ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱖]^[᱗]

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

UCLA report on Swahili Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱘-᱐᱖-᱐᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
John Ogwana (2001) Swahili Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow: Factors of Its Development and Expansion
List of Swahili Dictionaries
Arthur Cornwallis Madan (1902). English-Swahili dictionary. archive.org. Clarendon Press. p. 555. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018.

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Thomas J. Hinnebusch, 1992, "Swahili", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford, pp. 99–106
David Dalby, 1999/2000, The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities, Linguasphere Press, Volume Two, pp. 733–735
Benji Wald, 1994, "Sub-Saharan Africa", Atlas of the World's Languages, Routledge, pp. 289–346, maps 80, 81, 85
↑ Hinnebusch, Thomas J. (2003). "Swahili". In William J. Frawley (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195139778. First-language (L1) speakers of Swahili, who probably number no more than two million
↑ ^᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Congo Swahili at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Coastal Swahili at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Makwe at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Mwani at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Swahili (G.40)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
↑ Mazrui, Ali Al'Amin. (1995). Swahili state and society : the political economy of an African language. East African Educational Publishers. ISBN 0-85255-729-9. OCLC 441402890.
↑ Prins 1961

[1] Thomas J. Hinnebusch, 1992, "Swahili", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford, pp. 99–106
David Dalby, 1999/2000, The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities, Linguasphere Press, Volume Two, pp. 733–735
Benji Wald, 1994, "Sub-Saharan Africa", Atlas of the World's Languages, Routledge, pp. 289–346, maps 80, 81, 85

[oxford-2] Hinnebusch, Thomas J. (2003). "Swahili". In William J. Frawley (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195139778. First-language (L1) speakers of Swahili, who probably number no more than two million

[e21-3] ᱓.᱐ ^᱓.᱑ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Congo Swahili at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Coastal Swahili at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Makwe at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Mwani at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)

[Glottolog-4] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Swahili (G.40)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[Guthrie-5] Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

[6] Mazrui, Ali Al'Amin. (1995). Swahili state and society : the political economy of an African language. East African Educational Publishers. ISBN 0-85255-729-9. OCLC 441402890.

[7] Prins 1961

[᱖]

[᱗]

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ	ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPA-sw
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ, ᱵᱟᱡᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱚ (ᱥᱳᱢᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ), ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ, ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱠ (mostly ᱢᱣᱟᱱᱤ), ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱤ, ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ,^[᱑] ᱠᱳᱢᱳᱨᱳᱥ, ᱢᱟᱭᱚᱛ, ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱐᱓)^[᱒] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ^[᱓] L2 ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ: ᱙᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱑᱙᱙᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱕)^[᱓]
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱷᱳᱞᱴᱟᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱮᱱᱩᱼᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱳᱭᱤᱰ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱳᱭᱤᱰ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱠᱤ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ (ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱤᱞ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	6 countries ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱰᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ Organizations * ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ * ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ * ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱢᱳᱡᱟᱢᱵᱤᱠ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱢᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟ
ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ	Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa (ᱛᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ) Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-1	`sw`
ISO 639-2	`swa`
ISO 639-3	`swa` – inclusive code Individual codes: `swc` – Congo Swahili `swh` – Coastal Swahili `ymk` – Makwe `wmw` – Mwani
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	`swah1254`^[᱔]
ᱜᱩᱛᱷᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ	`G.42–43; G.40.A–H (pidgins & creoles)`^[᱕]
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	`99-AUS-m`
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱦᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
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