ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱓᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ[᱒] ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ,ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ[᱓] ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱟᱭᱥᱟᱭᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ[᱔] ᱾
| Turkic | |
|---|---|
| ᱡᱟᱹᱛ | Turkic peoples |
| ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ | Western Asia Central Asia North Asia (Siberia) East Asia Caucasus Eastern Europe Southern Europe |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | One of the world's primary language families |
| ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | Proto-Turkic |
| ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | |
| ᱟᱭᱮᱥᱳ ᱖᱓᱙ᱼ᱕ | trk |
| ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ | turk1311[᱑] |
 The distribution of the Turkic languages | |
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱒᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱛᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱔᱐% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ, ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱛ ᱵᱳᱭᱥᱤᱥᱴᱳ (features) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱳᱜᱷᱩᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱟᱱᱻᱟᱹᱯᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱵᱟᱭᱡᱟᱱᱤ, ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱢᱮᱱ, ᱠᱟᱥᱠᱟᱭ, ᱜᱟᱜᱳᱣᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱜᱷᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ, ᱳᱜᱷᱩᱡᱽ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱜᱷᱩᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱼᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱤᱯᱪᱟᱠ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱟᱱᱻᱟᱹᱯᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱾
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱠ, ᱛᱩᱝᱜᱩᱥᱤᱠ, ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱳᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱛᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱳᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱼᱟᱞᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱠᱟᱥᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ "ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱦᱩᱱᱟᱱ, ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱮᱱᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱜᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱞᱟᱢᱮᱴ, ᱴᱚᱯᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ, ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱟ, ᱯᱷᱚᱣᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱳᱞᱰᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱱ-ᱟᱞᱴᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ, ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱟ-ᱥᱴᱮᱯᱯ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱩᱨᱦᱮᱭᱢᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- Turkic Languages Verb Comparison
- Turkic Inscriptions of Orkhon Valley, Mongolia Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱑᱐-᱐᱒ at the Wayback Machine.
- Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan
- Map of Turkic languages
- Classification of Turkic Languages Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱔-᱐᱘ at the Wayback Machine.
- Online Uyghur–English Dictionary
- ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ at Curlie
- Turkic language vocabulary comparison tool / dictionary
- A Comparative Dictionary of Turkic Languages Open Project
- The Turkic Languages in a Nutshell Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱐-᱑᱑-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine. with illustrations.
- Swadesh lists of Turkic basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Turkic basic vocabularies
- Conferences on Turkic languages processing: Astana, Kazakhstan, 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, 2014 Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱑-᱐᱒-᱒᱔ at the Wayback Machine., Kazan, Tatarstan, 2015
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Turkic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (help) - ↑ Dybo A.V. (2007). "ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ РАННИХ ТЮРКОВ" [Chronology of Turkish Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Turks] (PDF) (in ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ). p. 766. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
- ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2013). "Personal pronouns in Core Altaic". In Martine Irma Robbeets; Hubert Cuyckens (eds.). Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages. p. 223. ISBN 9789027205995.
- ↑ Katzner, Kenneth (March 2002). Languages of the World, Third Edition. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-415-25004-7.