ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱠᱚᱴ ᱡᱩᱞ: ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ

*Disproving caloric theory

|}

 

==ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==

[[File:Joule James Jeens engraving.jpg|thumb| ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱡᱩᱞ]]

'''ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱠᱚᱴ ᱡᱩᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ '''ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ''' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱱᱤᱣ ᱵᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ'' ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱮᱧᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱞ''', ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ '''ᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱠᱚᱴ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ '''ᱡᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱞᱴᱚᱱ''' ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ '''ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ''' (electricity) ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱠ (shock) ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱤᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱯᱟᱛᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱣᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ '''ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱ''' (steam engine) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ''' (electric motor) ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ '''ᱟᱢᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱢᱮᱥ''' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ '''ᱟᱢᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱮᱧᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱩᱞ''' (᱑᱘᱕᱐-᱑᱙᱒᱒), ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱜ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ '''ᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱢᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ''' (᱑᱘᱕᱒-᱑᱘᱙᱙) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤ''' ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ '''ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱠᱚᱴ ᱡᱩᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾

 

*ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ (᱑᱘᱕᱒)

* [http://www.bad.org.uk/Portals/_Bad/History/Historical%20poster%2006.pdf University of Manchester material on Joule] – includes photographs of Joule's house and gravesite

* [http://www.cse.salford.ac.uk/physics Joule Physics Laboratory] at the '''University of Salford'''.

 

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