ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ - ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱒] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱦᱤ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭ ; ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱘᱕ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱓]

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱶᱟᱱᱟᱣᱭ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱰᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱽᱮᱤᱯᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ - ᱩᱥᱱᱠᱚᱴᱤᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱤᱭ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱠᱟ (ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱹᱠᱥᱟᱭᱰ, ᱥᱮ SiO2) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱭᱥᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱣᱟᱨᱴᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱭᱞᱥᱤᱭᱥᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱱᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱮᱨᱨᱜᱳᱱᱟᱭᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱝᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱯᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱮᱭᱨᱚᱵᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱛᱤᱛᱷᱤ ᱛᱚᱸᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ - ᱱᱚᱣᱤᱠᱚᱨᱬᱤᱭ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱝᱠᱨᱤᱴ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱜᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ, ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱕᱐ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱚᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱞᱪᱷᱚᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ - ᱠᱟᱸᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱞᱪᱷᱚᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱱᱟᱭᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱰᱥᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱜᱚᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱣᱟᱨᱴᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱣᱟᱛᱚᱨᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱱᱟᱭᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱥᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱜᱚᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱩᱞᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱳᱪᱷᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱯᱤᱠᱞᱮᱭᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱤᱫᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱤᱠᱚᱨᱬᱤᱭ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱥᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ - ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱳᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ - ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱕% ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱐% ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱬ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ - ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱜᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

↑ Siim Sepp. "Sand types". sandatlas.org. Archived from the original on 13 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2019. Retrieved 17 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2020.
↑ Glossary of terms in soil science (PDF). Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. 1976. p. 35. ISBN 978-0662015338.
↑ Constable, Harriet (3 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017). "How the demand for sand is killing rivers". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 9 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017.

[sand-collage-1] Siim Sepp. "Sand types". sandatlas.org. Archived from the original on 13 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2019. Retrieved 17 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2020.

[2] Glossary of terms in soil science (PDF). Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. 1976. p. 35. ISBN 978-0662015338.

[3] Constable, Harriet (3 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017). "How the demand for sand is killing rivers". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 9 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017.

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