ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱧ

ᱟᱭᱟᱝ; ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ: Miocene–Holocene
	Indian cobra (Naja naja) in a defensive posture
ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ:	Animalia
ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ:	Chordata
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ:	Reptilia
ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ:	Squamata
ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ:	Serpentes
ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ:	Elapidae (with some exceptions); Laurenti, 1768

ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱡᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱹᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ' ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟᱥ ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱡᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ (ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱤᱱᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ-ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱯᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ (ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱭᱢᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟᱥ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱰᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾
ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱫᱨᱤᱭᱟᱫ (ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱳᱯᱷᱟᱜᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟ) ᱾
ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟᱼ ᱜᱳᱞᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ (ᱥᱤᱭᱩᱫᱳᱦᱟᱡᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱰᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ( ᱠᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟ ) (ᱥᱭᱩᱰᱳᱦᱟᱡᱮ ᱱᱤᱜᱽᱨᱟ) ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱸ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ( ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ) , ᱠᱮᱯ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞ ᱱᱤᱧ (ᱮᱥᱯᱤᱫᱮᱞᱚᱯᱥ ᱞᱩᱵᱨᱤᱠᱟᱥ) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱼᱢᱩᱸ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ (ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ) (ᱮᱥᱯᱤᱫᱮᱞᱮᱯᱥ ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱟᱴᱟᱥ), ᱼᱯ. 76 ᱾^[᱒]
ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱩ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱳᱣᱟᱞᱴᱟᱨᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱡᱤᱯᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱣᱟᱞᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ p. 65^[᱒]
ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱧ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ (ᱢᱤᱥᱠᱨᱩᱨᱚᱥ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩᱥ) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ 30 ^[᱒]

ᱮᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱟᱝ (ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟᱥᱴᱮᱥ ᱜᱤᱜᱟᱥ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ' ᱠᱳᱵᱨᱟ ' ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱯᱤᱰᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱯᱲᱟ ᱧᱚᱜᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥ ᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Two kinds of non-venomous snake, the hognose snakes and the striped keelback, also rear upwards and produce hoods but are not considered "cobras"; likewise, some venomous elapid snakes, such as the black mamba, are also capable of producing hoods but are not called "cobras".
↑ ^᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ ^᱒.᱒ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named O'Shea2008

[1] Two kinds of non-venomous snake, the hognose snakes and the striped keelback, also rear upwards and produce hoods but are not considered "cobras"; likewise, some venomous elapid snakes, such as the black mamba, are also capable of producing hoods but are not called "cobras".

[O'Shea2008-2] ᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ ^᱒.᱒ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named O'Shea2008

[᱑]

[᱒]

ᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ: Miocene–Holocene

Indian cobra (Naja naja) in a defensive posture
ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ:	Animalia
ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱞᱚᱢ:	Chordata
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ:	Reptilia
ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ:	Squamata
ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ:	Serpentes
ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ:	Elapidae (with some exceptions) Laurenti, 1768