ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ
ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ (ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ/ᱩᱨᱫᱩ: مِيانوالى) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱔] ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ, ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ مِيانوالى | |
---|---|
ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | |
Coordinates: 32°35′7″N 71°32′37″E / 32.58528°N 71.54361°ECoordinates: 32°35′7″N 71°32′37″E / 32.58528°N 71.54361°E | |
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ |
ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ | ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ |
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ[᱑][᱒] |
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ | ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ |
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | |
• MNA(s) |
|
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 210 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (690 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) |
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | (᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ)[᱓] |
• ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ | ᱑᱒᱙᱕᱐᱐ |
PST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+᱐᱕:᱐᱐) | |
Calling code | ᱐᱔᱕᱙ |
mianwali |
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱜᱚᱡᱽᱱᱚᱵᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱚᱠᱛᱮᱜᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡᱽᱱᱚᱵᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱳᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕]
ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱮᱠᱳ-ᱵᱟᱠᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱖] ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱚ-ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱱᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱨᱟ ᱤᱥᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱕᱙᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱔ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱗] ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱚᱥᱢᱟ ᱟᱴᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣᱱᱟᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱢ. ᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱵᱟᱞᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:
ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑᱘,᱘᱘᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,[᱓] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐.᱘᱒% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙.᱑᱘% ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱡᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱗.᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱣᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱒.᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱱᱩᱯᱟᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓.᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒.᱒% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ, ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ Reporter, News (14 January 2023). "ECP bars Punjab gov from notifying Mianwali as division". Duniya News. p. 1. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ↑ Malik, Mansoor (January 15, 2023). "Punjab cabinet approves upgrade of Mianwali as division". Dawn News. p. 1. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ "Mianwali city population per 2023 Census of Pakistan". Citypopulation.de website.
- ↑ "Tehsils and Unions in the District of Mianwali (Mianwali city and Mianwali Tehsil)". National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ↑ "SDPOs and Police Stations - Mianwali". Punjab Police, Government of the Punjab website. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ↑ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 17, page 318 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". Retrieved 2023-06-04.
- ↑ "Pakistan seeks control gear, transformer bay for 184-MW Chashma hydro project". Hydro Review website (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- "ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Usurped"
- "ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Usurped"
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|HIDE_PARAMETER13=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14c=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14ab=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER3=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER1=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER4=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER2=
,|separator=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER8=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14bb=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER20=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER5=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14b=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14cb=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER14a=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER10=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER9=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER15chapter=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER6=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER7=
,|HIDE_PARAMETER11=
, and|HIDE_PARAMETER12=
(help)