ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ, ₁₂Mg
ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ
Pronunciation	/mæɡˈniːziəm/ (mag-NEE-zee-əm)
Appearance	shiny grey solid
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Mg)	[24.304, 24.307] conventional: 24.305
ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ in the periodic table
	sodium ← ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ → aluminium
Atomic number (Z)	12
Group	group n/a
Period	[[Period {{{period}}} element\|period {{{period}}}]]
Block	[[{{{block}}}-block]]
Element category	Alkaline earth metal
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	923 K (650 °C, 1202 °F)
Boiling point	1363 K (1091 °C, 1994 °F)
Density when liquid (at m.p.)	1.584 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.48 kJ/mol
Heat of	128 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.869 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.31
energies	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	141±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	173 pm
	Spectral lines of ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal conductivity	156 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	43.9 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+13.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Shear modulus	17 GPa
Bulk modulus	35.4 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.290
Mohs hardness	1–2.5
Brinell hardness	44–260 MPa
CAS Number	7439-95-4
History
Naming	after Magnesia, Greece
Discovery	Joseph Black (1755)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
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ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ Mg ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱳᱢᱤᱠ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ( atomic number) ᱑᱒ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱣ (low) ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱞᱚᱣ ᱢᱮᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱚᱭᱤᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱠᱨᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ

ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱡᱽ

Mg (s′ + ᱒ H᱒O (g′ → Mg (OH′ ᱒ (aq′ + H᱒ (g′ + ᱑᱒᱐᱓.᱖ kJ/mol)

ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤᱡᱽ

ᱳᱠᱥᱤᱰᱮᱥᱟᱱ

ᱳᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ

ᱥᱚᱞᱩᱭᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱟᱞᱳᱭᱠᱚ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱨᱫᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱞᱰ ᱨᱳᱞᱤᱝ (ᱴᱳᱯ) ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱐% ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱑% ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱐ᱹ᱑% ᱠᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱨᱫᱷ ᱕᱔% ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱮᱞᱳᱭᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱨᱟᱱ, ᱱᱤᱠᱮᱞ, ᱠᱳᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱟᱞᱴ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱳᱥᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾^[᱙]

ᱦᱟᱭ-ᱴᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱢᱮᱵᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ

ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ

ᱟᱭᱥᱳᱴᱳᱯ

ᱮᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱞᱟᱭᱰ 26Mg ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱥᱳᱴᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱜᱤᱭᱳᱞᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ 26Mg ᱫᱚ 26Al ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱣᱳᱡᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱰᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱮᱠᱴᱚᱠ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱗᱑᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱪ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱮᱥᱤᱥ ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴᱢᱮᱴᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱾ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱼᱮᱞᱼᱨᱮᱪ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱮᱢᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱮᱲᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ 26Al26Al ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱖Al ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱴᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱵᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱴᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱠᱚ ᱾

ᱳᱠᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱥ

MgCl2 + Ca (OH᱒ → Mg (OH ᱒ + CaCl2)

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱰ (ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ) ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱥᱳᱞᱭᱩᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱠᱞᱳᱨᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱟᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾^[᱑᱐]

Mg (OH᱒ + ᱒ HCl → MgCl2 + ᱒ H᱒O) H2O

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟᱭᱥᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾^[᱑᱑]

ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ

ᱦᱩᱭᱯᱤᱫᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱳᱞᱡᱟᱱᱳ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱰᱟᱣᱩ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ

Mg᱒ + (aq) + CaO (s) + H᱒O (l) → Ca᱒ + (ac) + Mg (OH) ᱒ (s)

ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱛᱷᱟᱨᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ

ᱨᱳᱴᱮᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱞᱥᱤᱱᱟᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱳᱭᱮᱹᱥᱮᱹᱰ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ

ᱨᱤᱮᱠ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱞ

᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱮᱠᱥᱠᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱤᱞᱭᱩᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ

ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ

ᱳᱴᱳᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷ

ᱵᱟᱜᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱕᱗ ᱮᱨᱤᱞᱤᱛᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱮᱜᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱮᱞᱤᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱴᱟᱣᱮᱴ ᱵᱚᱠᱰᱤᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ

ᱱᱭᱩᱴᱨᱤᱥᱟᱱ

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ

ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ (ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱞᱳᱠᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ) ᱵᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱤᱬᱥ, ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱰ, ᱵᱟᱨᱞᱤ, ᱵᱟᱠᱣᱦᱤᱴᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ, ᱞᱚᱣ-ᱯᱮᱷᱮᱴ ᱣᱮᱱᱤᱞᱞᱟ ᱭᱳᱜᱟᱨᱴ, ᱴᱨᱮᱭᱞ ᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱦᱟᱟᱞᱤᱵᱟᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ, ᱜᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱᱡᱳ ᱵᱤᱱᱥ, ᱞᱤᱢᱟ ᱱᱤᱱᱥ, ᱥᱚᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱠ᱾

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ

ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱟᱱ

ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱽᱢ

ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ

↑ Rumble, p. 4.61
↑ Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H.; Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)
↑ Rumble, p. 12.137
↑ Rumble, p. 12.28
↑ Rumble, p. 4.70
↑ Gschneider, K. A. (1964). Physical Properties and Interrelationships of Metallic and Semimetallic Elements. Solid State Physics. Vol. 16. p. 308. doi:10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60518-4. ISBN 9780126077162.
↑ ^᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ ^᱗.᱒ Rumble, p. 4.19
↑ ^᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ ^᱘.᱒ ^᱘.᱓ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Birbilis, N.; Williams, G.; Gusieva, K.; Samaniego, A.; Gibson, M. A.; McMurray, H. N. (2013). "Poisoning the corrosion of magnesium". Electrochemistry Communications. 34: 295–298. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2013.07.021.
↑ "Magnesium processing | Techniques & Methods | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-05-04.
↑ "Magnesium metal is produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesi... | Channels for Pearson+". www.pearson.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-05-04.

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[1] Rumble, p. 4.61

[2] Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H.; Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

[3] Rumble, p. 12.137

[4] Rumble, p. 12.28

[5] Rumble, p. 4.70

[6] Gschneider, K. A. (1964). Physical Properties and Interrelationships of Metallic and Semimetallic Elements. Solid State Physics. Vol. 16. p. 308. doi:10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60518-4. ISBN 9780126077162.

[r1-7] ᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ ^᱗.᱒ Rumble, p. 4.19

[Arblaster_2018-8] ᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ ^᱘.᱒ ^᱘.᱓ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[10] Birbilis, N.; Williams, G.; Gusieva, K.; Samaniego, A.; Gibson, M. A.; McMurray, H. N. (2013). "Poisoning the corrosion of magnesium". Electrochemistry Communications. 34: 295–298. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2013.07.021.

[11] "Magnesium processing | Techniques & Methods | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-05-04.

[12] "Magnesium metal is produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesi... | Channels for Pearson+". www.pearson.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2024-05-04.

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