ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ
Hydrogen | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Appearance | colorless gas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(H) | [84, 1.00711] conventional: 1.008 1.008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hydrogen in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Group | 1: H and alkali metals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Block | s-block | ||||||||||||||||||||
Element category | Reactive nonmetal | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | 1s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | gas | ||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 13.99 K (−259.16 °C, −434.49 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 20.271 K (−252.879 °C, −423.182 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Density (at STP) | 0.08988 g/L | ||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.07 g/cm3 (solid: 0.0763 g/cm3)[᱑] | ||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at b.p.) | 0.07099 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Triple point | 13.8033 K, 7.041 kPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Critical point | 32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | (H2) 0.117 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of | (H2) 0.904 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | (H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.20 | ||||||||||||||||||||
energies |
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Covalent radius | 31±5 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 120 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of hydrogen | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | hexagonal | ||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound | 1310 m/s (gas, 27 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 0.1805 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[᱒] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | −3.98·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[᱓] | ||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 12385-13-6 1333-74-0 (H2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Henry Cavendish[᱔][᱕] (1766) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Named by | Antoine Lavoisier[᱖] (1783) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of hydrogen | |||||||||||||||||||||
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ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ H ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱳᱢᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱑ᱹ᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱭᱳᱰᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱕% ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱳᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗][note ᱑]
H+[᱘]
ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ, ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱷ, ᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽ, ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱥ, ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱥ (Base) ᱟᱨ ᱳᱨᱜᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣH2+Cl2 -> 2HCl
2H2+O2 -> 2H2O
ᱯᱨᱳᱥᱮᱥ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱥᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱱᱳᱟᱹᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ
CH4+H2O -> CO + 3H2
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣhttps://web.archive.org/web/20100125010949/http://www.bbc.co.uk
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0123526519.
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.
- ↑ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.
- ↑ Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4.
- ↑ Boyd, Padi (19 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014). "What is the chemical composition of stars?". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2015. Retrieved 5 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2008.
- ↑ Laursen, S.; Chang, J.; Medlin, W.; Gürmen, N.; Fogler, H. S. (27 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2004). "An extremely brief introduction to computational quantum chemistry". Molecular Modeling in Chemical Engineering. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 20 ᱢᱮ 2015. Retrieved 4 ᱢᱮ 2015.
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