ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ
ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱜᱟᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱖᱖) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱥᱚᱱ 'ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ' ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱤᱥ ' ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱑]
| ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ | |
|---|---|
| ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱐, ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱣᱚᱨᱥᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱥᱥᱟᱪᱩᱥᱮᱴᱥ, ᱭᱩᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ. |
| ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
ᱡᱤᱣᱱᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒]
ᱦᱟᱭᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱳᱡᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱠᱞᱵᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱯᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱒] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨᱞ" ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱩᱱᱰ ᱞᱚᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱥ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱢᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱷ" ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱳᱞᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾[᱒][᱑] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱒] ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 50,000 ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾[᱒] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾[᱒] ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 1998 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱞᱦᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱯ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱩᱵᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ " ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱩᱱ " ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾[᱓] ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱯ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ " ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾[᱒][᱔]
᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ , ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ' ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱕] ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ' ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ, ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱑][᱖] 2007 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱢᱮᱠᱱᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱴᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱭᱤᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱱᱰ ᱮᱵᱟᱣᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱰᱳᱭᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾[᱗]
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱜᱽᱥᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ " ᱤᱧ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ᱫᱚ ᱾ᱫᱚ ᱾ᱫᱚ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱓]
ᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱑ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱜᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱝᱦᱟᱢᱼᱟᱞᱵᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱝᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱞᱯ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱰᱥ ᱪᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱳᱯᱳᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱳᱯᱳᱰᱤᱥ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱦᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱘] ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ " ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱙]
ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ ᱑.᱐ ᱑.᱑ ᱑.᱒ "Celebrity Buzz: Who's Who". Playbill.com. April 1, 2000. Archived from the original on January 6, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ↑ ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ ᱒.᱒ ᱒.᱓ ᱒.᱔ ᱒.᱕ ᱒.᱖ Rothaus, Steve (August 5, 1998). "Top Porn Star Recreates Himself in SoBe Play". Miami Herald.
- ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ Bohling, James (December 10, 1999). "Idol's Thoughts: Ryan Idol on the Road Back". Frontiers. pp. 66–68.
- ↑ Wockner, Rex (August 17, 1998). "Quote/Unquote". Gay Today. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ↑ Wong, Cherry; Chan Hung (April 21, 1999). "Idolatry". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ↑ Spindle, Les (December 24, 1999). "Scent of Rain". Frontiers. pp. 98–99.
- ↑ Broadway.com Staff (August 6, 2007). "Gay Porn Star Ryan Idol & Others Check Into The Ritz on Broadway". Broadway.com. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ↑ The Birmingham News Staff (February 19, 2008). "HealthSouth lawsuit challenges Birmingham Mayor Larry Langford's first computer charity". al.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ↑ Masters, Billy (March 6, 2008). "After Dark". Gay Chicago. p. 38.