ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Infobox tungsten

Tungsten, ₇₄W
Tungsten
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/ (TUNG-stən)
Alternative name	wolfram, pronounced: /ˈwʊlfrəm/ (WUUL-frəm)
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(W)	183.84(1)
Tungsten in the periodic table
	tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic number (Z)	74
Group	group 6
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Transition metal
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
Boiling point	6203 K (5930 °C, 10706 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.3 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	52.31 kJ/mol
Heat of	774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
energies	1st: 770 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
	Spectral lines of tungsten
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	(bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness	2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
History
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named by	Torbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
	view; talk; edit; \| references

PTTungsten

Ta ← i'box Ta	^iso ₇₄W E infobox E isobox	→ Re i'box Re
Commons Wikidata: Wiktionary Indexes in PT: § below · Page
v t e

[ v t e ] Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view talk edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view talk edit
Pronunciation	view talk edit
Category (enwiki)	view talk edit
Standard atomic weight	view talk edit
most stable isotope	view talk edit
Natural occurence	view talk edit
Phase at STP	view talk edit
Oxidation states	view talk edit
Spectral lines image	view talk edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view talk edit
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)	view talk edit
Wikidata *	view talk edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna; Loss, Robert D.; Walczyk, Thomas; Prohaska, Thomas (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
↑ Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 6-134. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
↑ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42–57. arXiv:1703.06302. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306302T. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Berger, Dan (February 25, 2000). "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

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[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna; Loss, Robert D.; Walczyk, Thomas; Prohaska, Thomas (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)

[2] Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

[CRC90-3] Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 6-134. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.

[Tolias-4] Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42–57. arXiv:1703.06302. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306302T. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.

[5] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.

[7] Berger, Dan (February 25, 2000). "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

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