ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ (Phalura, Palola, Phalulo) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱨᱮᱴᱤ (Aćharêtâʹ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱟᱨᱤᱠᱣᱟᱨ (ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱯᱩᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ) ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱾

Palula
پالُولا Paaluulaá
Palula in Nastaliq
ᱨᱟᱹᱲ	/paːluːlǎː/
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	Pakistan
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	Chitral
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	Palula
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	e25 The population of Ashret and Biol Valleys is almost completely monolingual (2008)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Dardic Shina Palula
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	Palula alphabet (Nastaʿlīq script)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-3	phl
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	phal1254

Map of the region in Pakistan where the Palula language is spoken

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱫᱨᱳᱥ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱳᱥ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ (ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ /paːluːlǎː/ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ

ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱚᱨᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴᱭᱟᱨᱱ (᱑᱙᱒᱖, ᱑᱙᱔᱑), ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱚᱞ ᱰᱮᱠᱟᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱒), ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱞᱡᱮᱜᱨᱮᱱ (᱒᱐᱐᱘, ᱒᱐᱐᱙, ᱒᱐᱑᱐) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱞᱡᱮᱜᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱙, ᱒᱐᱑᱑) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

Palula vowel chart, from ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Harvcoltxt

ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱞᱤᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱟᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱᱴ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ

᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢᱟᱱ-ᱮ-ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱠᱤ-ᱮ-ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ, ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱨᱳᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ, ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ documentary ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱵᱮ (ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱚᱞᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱩᱠᱟ (ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱡᱩᱢᱟᱱ-ᱮ-ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱠᱤ-ᱮ-ᱯᱟᱞᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱥᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

Letter	Transcription	IPA	Notes
ا	aa, -	/aː/, /∅/	Used as a vowel placeholder in initial form. Used to represent the "aa" vowel in medial and final positions.
ب	b	/b/
پ	p	/p/
ت	t	/t/
ٹ	ṭ	/ʈ/
ث	(s)	/s/	Only used in loanwords.
ج	ǰ	/ʑ/
چ	č	/t͡ɕ/
ڇ	c̣	/ʈ͡ʂ/
څ	ts	/t͡s/
ح	(h)	/h/	Only used in loanwords.
خ	x	/x/
د	d	/d/
ڈ	ḍ	/ɖ/
ذ	(z)	/z/	Only used in loanwords.
ر	r	/r/
ڑ	ṛ	/ɽ/
ز	z	/z/
ژ	(ǰ)	/ʑ/	Only used in loanwords.
ڙ	ẓ	/ʐ/
س	s	/s/
ش	š	/ɕ/
ݜ	ṣ	/ʂ/
ص	(s)	/s/	Only used in loanwords.
ض	(z)	/z/	Only used in loanwords.
ط	(t)	/t/	Only used in loanwords.
ظ	(z)	/z/	Only used in loanwords.
ع	-	/∅/	Only used in loanwords, no pronunciation.
غ	ɣ	/ɣ/
ف	f	/f/	Only used in loanwords, may or may not have a unique pronunciation or a native pronunciation, depends on speaker.
ق	q	/q/	Only used in loanwords, may or may not have a unique pronunciation or a native pronunciation, depends on speaker.
ک	k	/k/
گ	g	/g/
ل	l	/l/
م	m	/m/
ن	n	/n/
ݨ	ṇ	/ɳ/	Sometimes formed when "n" precedes a retroflex consonant.
ں	_~	/◌̃/	No pronunciation on its own. Nasalizes preceding vowel.
و	w, oo, uu, o	/w/, /oː/, /uː/, /o/	Can be read as a consonant or a vowel depending on context. See more in Vowel orthography section.
ہ	h	/h/
ھ	_h	/◌ʰ/, /◌ʱ/	No pronunciation on its own. Marks aspiration on the preceding consonant.
ی	y, ii, i	/j/, /iː/, /i/	Can be read as a consonant or a vowel depending on context. See more in Vowels section.
ے	ee, e	/eː/, /e/	See more in Vowel orthography section.