ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ

ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ

ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ 19 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱚᱨᱤ 1946) [᱑] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱾[᱒]

ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ 'ᱰᱨᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱭᱩᱥ' (1969) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱼᱫᱮᱡᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾[᱓]

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱼᱫᱩᱛᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱮᱞᱤᱡᱠ ᱥᱟᱼᱫᱚᱛᱚᱨᱫᱟᱢ,[᱔] ᱞᱩᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱭᱚᱡᱤᱭᱩᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱾[᱕]

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱛᱱᱤ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ (ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ (ᱫᱟᱣᱳᱥᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱴ) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱾ 1946 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ [᱖] ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱨᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ (ᱩᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ) ᱨᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ (ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ 1954 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾[᱘]

ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ 1969 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱴᱡᱤ ᱡᱤᱡᱮᱵᱚᱭ ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱳᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱙] 1964- ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱰᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱩᱫᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,[᱑᱐] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱭᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱘] ᱩᱱᱤ 1970-72 ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ 1989 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱠᱳᱞᱚᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱒]

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒][᱑᱑] ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱱᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾[᱑᱓] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱱᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ (80 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱯᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱜᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱥᱳ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔] 1985 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔]

1990 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱵᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱓] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕] ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱙] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

2013 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱹᱞᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ" ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱠᱩᱳᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱵᱟᱨᱼᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱵᱨᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱳᱯᱨᱳᱱᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖] ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱪᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱼᱵᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, ᱡᱳᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱳᱨᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖] ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱗] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ , ᱠᱮᱥᱮᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ 'ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱘] ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟᱼ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ,ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ (2005), ᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱳᱭᱮᱱᱤᱥᱟᱭᱰ ᱵᱞᱰ (2012), ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱨᱥ (1992), ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱴᱮᱱᱴ (ID2), ᱫᱟ ᱴᱮᱵᱤᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱨᱰ (2008) ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤᱥ ᱾[᱑᱙]

ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
  • 1970-72: ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
  • 2010: ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱳᱨᱮᱴ, ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ, ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
  • 2013:ᱯᱷᱩᱠᱩᱳᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱩᱠᱩᱳᱠᱟᱭ, [᱒᱐]
  • 2014: ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱴᱡ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱪᱤᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ, ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱴᱡᱽ, ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ [᱒᱑]
  • 2016: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱨ, ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ, ᱦᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱝ
  • 2019: ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱨᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ, ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱫᱟᱥᱤᱳ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱨ, ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱳᱱᱟ, ᱥᱯᱮᱱ [᱒᱒]
  • 2023:ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱭᱳᱴᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾ [᱒᱓]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
  1. ↑ Farooqi, Anis (2003). "Malani, Nalini". Grove Art Online (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t053385. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 2022-06-25.
  2. ↑ ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ "Nalini Malani - Christies". Christies. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  3. ↑ Shankar, Avantika (9 December 2016). "Ashim Ahluwalia revisits a 1969 experiment by Akbar Padamsee". Architectural Digest India (in Indian English). Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "Nalini Malani". The Museum of Modern Art (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  5. ↑ Grrr.nl. "Nalini Malani: Transgressions". www.stedelijk.nl (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  6. ↑ Sharma, Meara; Peck, Henry (7 March 2013). "A Conversation With: Video Artist Nalini Malani". The New York Times.
  7. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :5
  8. ↑ ᱘.᱐ ᱘.᱑ Kalra, Vandana (7 January 2018). "Social engagement has always been part of my art". The Indian Express (in Indian English). Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  9. ↑ ᱙.᱐ ᱙.᱑ Seervai, Shanoor (9 October 2014). "A Retrospective of the Works of Nalini Malani Who Paints in Reverse". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  10. ↑ "Nalini Malani - Biography". www.nalinimalani.com. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  11. ↑ ᱑᱑.᱐ ᱑᱑.᱑ Cassandra Naji. "Indian artist Nalini Malani talks myth, metaphor and women – interview". Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  12. ↑ Seervai, Shanoor (2014-10-10). "A Retrospective of the Works of Nalini Malani Who Paints in Reverse". WSJ. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  13. ↑ ᱑᱓.᱐ ᱑᱓.᱑ McEvilley, Thomas (2009-06-04). "Nalini Malani: Postmodern Cassandra". The Brooklyn Rail (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  14. ↑ ᱑᱔.᱐ ᱑᱔.᱑ Nalini Malani
  15. ↑ ᱑᱕.᱐ ᱑᱕.᱑ Mallonee, Laura C. (23 October 2013). "Nalini Malani on Her Career and Bringing Her Documenta 13 Shadow Play". Observer.
  16. ↑ ᱑᱖.᱐ ᱑᱖.᱑ Rajadhyaksha, Ashish (2003). "Spilling Out: Nalini Malani's Recent Video Installations". Third Text. 17 (1). doi:10.1080/09528820309657. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  17. ↑ McEvilley, Thomas (June 2009). "Nalini Malani: Postmodern Cassandra". Brooklyn Rail.
  18. ↑ Seervai, Shanoor (9 October 2014). "A Retrospective of the Works of Nalini Malani Who Paints in Reverse". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  19. ↑ Vial Kayser, Christine (2015). "Nalini Malani, a Global Storyteller". Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  20. ↑ "Nalini MALANI". Fukuoka Prize (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  21. ↑ "Nalini Malani St. Moritz Art Masters Award 2014 / ArtReview". artreview.com (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  22. ↑ Miró, Fundació Joan. "Nalini Malani | Joan Miró Prize". Fundació Joan Miró (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  23. ↑ "Nalini Malani". Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2023-06-16.
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ_ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱱᱤ&oldid=142110" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ