ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ
ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ (ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ برج خليفة, ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱘᱒᱙.᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒,᱗᱒᱒ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱾ ᱟᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱘᱒᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒,᱗᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ [᱙][᱑᱐]
| ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ | |
|---|---|
برج خليفة | |
| ᱨᱮᱫ:Burj Khalifa.jpg The Burj Khalifa in October 2012 | |
 | |
| Former names | ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ |
| Record height | |
| Tallest in the world since 2008[I] | |
| Preceded by | Taipei 101 |
| General information | |
| Status | Complete |
| Type | Mixed-use |
| Architectural style | Neo-futurism |
| Location | 1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Coordinates | 25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E / 25.197139°N 55.274111°ECoordinates: 25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E / 25.197139°N 55.274111°E |
| Construction started | 6 January 2004 |
| Completed | Intended: September 2008; Revised: 2 December 2009[᱑] |
| Opened | 4 January 2010[᱒] |
| Cost | USD $ 1.5 billion[᱓] |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 828 m (2,717 ft)[᱔] |
| Tip | 829.8 m (2,722 ft)[᱔] |
| Roof | 828 m (2,717 ft) |
| Top floor | 584.5 m (1,918 ft) (Level 154)[᱔] |
| Observatory | 555.7 m (1,823 ft) (Level 148)[᱔] |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Glass, steel, aluminium, reinforced concrete |
| Floor count | 163 above ground. 154 usable floors[᱔][᱕] plus 9 maintenance levels (46 spire levels)[᱖] and 2 below-ground parking levels |
| Floor area | 309,473 m2 (3,331,100 sq ft)[᱔] |
| Lifts/elevators | 57 (55 single deck and 2 double deck), made by Otis Elevator Company |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Adrian Smith at SOM |
| Developer | Emaar Properties[᱔] |
| Structural engineer | Bill Baker at SOM[᱗] |
| Main contractor |
|
| Website | |
| www | |
ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ,ᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱢᱤᱨᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱦᱭᱟᱫᱽ ᱧᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ [᱓] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱩᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱕᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱯᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱯᱷ᱾ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱑᱑][᱑᱒] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ 2 km2 (490-acre) ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱫᱽᱢᱚᱨ, ᱩᱣᱤᱝᱜᱽᱥ, ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱞᱞᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱮᱨ ᱾ [᱑᱓][᱑᱔] ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱩᱝ ᱾ [᱑᱕]
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedopening - ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ Stanglin, Douglas (2 January 2010). "Dubai opens world's tallest building". Dubai: USA Today. Retrieved 4 January 2010. ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; name "USAtoday" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ ᱔.᱐ ᱔.᱑ ᱔.᱒ ᱔.᱓ ᱔.᱔ ᱔.᱕ ᱔.᱖ "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
- ↑ Baldwin, Derek (1 May 2008). "No more habitable floors to Burj Dubai". Gulfnews. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ↑ "The Burj Khalifa". Glass, Steel and Stone. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (help) - ↑ Blum, Andrew (27 November 2007). "Engineer Bill Baker Is the King of Superstable 150-Story Structures". Wired. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
- ↑ ᱘.᱐ ᱘.᱑ ᱘.᱒ ᱘.᱓ "Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower) and Dubai Mall, United Arab Emirates". designbuild-network.com. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ↑ name="CTBUHdb">"Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
- ↑ name="DubaiOneInauguration"
- ↑ name="opening">"Official Opening of Iconic Burj Dubai Announced". Gulfnews. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
- ↑ "World's tallest building opens in Dubai". BBC News. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ↑ name="Record High">"Burj Dubai reaches a record high". Emaar Properties. 21 July 2007. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
- ↑ Keegan, Edward (15 October 2006). "Adrian Smith Leaves SOM, Longtime Skidmore partner bucks retirement to start new firm". ArchitectOnline. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ↑ name="SkyscraperPage">"Burj Dubai, Dubai – SkyscraperPage.com". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
- "The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2019-12-03. (597 KB) (Structure magazine, June 2006)
- "The Wind Engineering of the Burj Dubai Tower" (PDF). Archived from the original on 14 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (620 KB) (Irwin et al., November 2006) - BBC reports: Burj Khalifa opening, with video and links; Maintaining the world's tallest building