ᱛᱮᱞᱤ
ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱥᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
 Teli oil press (Russell, 1916) | |
| ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | |
|---|---|
 India,  Nepal,  Pakistan | |
| ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | |
| Hindi • Bhojpuri • Odia[᱑] | |
| ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ | |
| Hinduism, Islam, Judaism | |
| ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ | |
| Kandu, Sundhi |
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱮᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ "ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ (ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱞᱤᱠᱟᱨ (ᱴᱮᱭᱞᱮᱠᱟᱨ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱨᱮ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱱᱫᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱵᱰᱤᱵᱷᱡᱟᱱ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱠ, ᱜᱚᱱᱫᱷᱵᱟᱱᱤᱠ, ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ [᱗] ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ, ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱪᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ "ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ [᱒] Further, the Ghanchi community of Gujarat have been described as a "counterpart" of the Telis.[᱓]
ᱨᱟᱡ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱚᱱᱰᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱳᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱚᱫᱚᱵᱽ, ᱠᱩᱨᱢᱤ, ᱠᱳᱭᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ, ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱭᱟᱥᱛ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱚᱫᱚᱣ, ᱠᱩᱨᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱭᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱳᱵᱷᱤᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱩ, ᱫᱟᱱᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱞᱤ, ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱳᱵᱷᱤᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱮᱫ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱛᱤᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ᱾
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (BJP) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱭᱩᱣᱟᱥᱛᱷᱤ (JAY) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾ [᱔]
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ Ramesh P. Mohanty (2003). Dalits Development and Change: An Empirical Study. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-81-7141-696-7.
- ↑ Gupta, Sankar Sen (1976). Folklore of Bengal: A Projected Study. Indian Publications.
- ↑ "Nitish Kumar's 'wait and watch' on Bihar BJP's latest Narendra Modi gimmick". NDTV. 27 ᱢᱮ 2009. Retrieved 4 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013.
- ↑ "Tribals warn Govt against ST status to Kurmi, Teli". The Pioneer. Retrieved 29 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2020.
Further reading
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- Jaer, Øyvind (1995). Karchana: lifeworld-ethnography of an Indian village. Scandinavian University Press. ISBN 9788200215073.
- Khanna, L. M. (2002). Incredible story of social justice in India. Aravali Books International. ISBN 9788186880920.
- Bendix, Reinhard; Lipset, Seymour Martin. Class, Status, and Power: Social Stratification in Comparative Perspective. Taylor & Francis.