ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ

ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ
ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ
Khaṛībolī
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (Rohilkhand), Rajasthan, Uttarakhand
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central Zone Western Hindi ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ; ; ; ; ;
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-3	–
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	None
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	59-AAF-qd
	Khariboli Dialect Area in the northern subcontinent

ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ (Hindi, Urdu) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱦᱞᱟᱵᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ Dehlavi, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ Hindavi (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ Hindustani) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱚᱛ) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ (gemination) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑]^[᱒]

ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ

ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱥ (doabs) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ

ᱠᱚᱣᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱮᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱢ ᱞᱳᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱳᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Masica, Colin P. (2007). Old and New Perspectives on South Asian Languages: Grammar and Semantics (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-81-208-3208-4. Braj and Awadhi in early and middle stages preserve old case endings -hi, etc, while Khari Boli (Old Hindi) and Dakkhini seem to have lost these endings in the Apabhramsa period.
↑ Matthews, David John; Shackle, C.; Husain, Shahanara (1985). Urdu literature (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Urdu Markaz; Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies. ISBN 978-0-907962-30-4. But with the establishment of Muslim rule in Delhi, it was the Old Hindi of this area which came to form the major partner with Persian. This variety of Hindi is called Khari Boli, 'the upright speech'.

[Masica2007-1] Masica, Colin P. (2007). Old and New Perspectives on South Asian Languages: Grammar and Semantics (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-81-208-3208-4. Braj and Awadhi in early and middle stages preserve old case endings -hi, etc, while Khari Boli (Old Hindi) and Dakkhini seem to have lost these endings in the Apabhramsa period.

[MatthewsShackleHusain1985-2] Matthews, David John; Shackle, C.; Husain, Shahanara (1985). Urdu literature (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Urdu Markaz; Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies. ISBN 978-0-907962-30-4. But with the establishment of Muslim rule in Delhi, it was the Old Hindi of this area which came to form the major partner with Persian. This variety of Hindi is called Khari Boli, 'the upright speech'.

[᱑]

[᱒]