ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ

Kalinga
Kalinga
Region
Country	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
State	ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ (central and southern); ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (northern);
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
Languages
• Spoken	ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ
	IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+5:30)
Ancient and Medieval Capitals	ᱛᱳᱥᱟᱞᱤ, ᱥᱤᱥᱩᱯᱟᱞᱜᱟᱰ, ᱫᱚᱱᱛᱟᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ, ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ, ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱠ

ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱫᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱠᱚᱱᱴᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱑]

ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ BCE ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱟᱫᱷᱤᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Lord of Kalinga) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱮᱜᱷᱚᱵᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱵᱚᱥᱤᱥᱴᱷᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱢᱚᱛᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱤᱛᱨᱚᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱥᱚᱭᱲᱚᱫᱽᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱥᱳᱢᱚᱵᱚᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾

ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱮᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱚᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ, ᱵᱷᱳᱭᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ,^[᱒] ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱲᱟᱠᱷᱮᱢᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ

Extreme points of Kalinga, as mentioned in the historical records

ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱚᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱫᱟᱵᱚᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱖] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱗]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱤᱝᱜᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱧᱡᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱘]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ Majumdar, R.C. (1996). Outline of the History of Kalinga. Asian Educational Services. p. 1, 19. ISBN 9788120611948. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
↑ O'Malley, L.S.S. (1 January 2007). Bengal District Gazetteer : Puri. Concept Publishing Company. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7268-138-8. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
↑ Padhy, S. C. (2005–2006), "Formation of Orissa Province and Role of Oriyas in Berhampur", Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Indian History Congress, 66: 1030–1040, JSTOR 44145916, retrieved 31 December 2020
↑ ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 2002, p. 51
↑ Maclean, C.D. (1877), Standing Information Regarding the Official Administration of the Madras Presidency in each Department, Madras University
↑ R. C. Majumdar 1996, p. 1.
↑ Sudama Misra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.
↑ Dineschandra Sircar 1971, p. 167.

[rcm-1] Majumdar, R.C. (1996). Outline of the History of Kalinga. Asian Educational Services. p. 1, 19. ISBN 9788120611948. Retrieved May 1, 2021.

[2] O'Malley, L.S.S. (1 January 2007). Bengal District Gazetteer : Puri. Concept Publishing Company. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7268-138-8. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

[3] Padhy, S. C. (2005–2006), "Formation of Orissa Province and Role of Oriyas in Berhampur", Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Indian History Congress, 66: 1030–1040, JSTOR 44145916, retrieved 31 December 2020

[GAJAPATI-4] ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GAJAPATI (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 2002, p. 51

[5] Maclean, C.D. (1877), Standing Information Regarding the Official Administration of the Madras Presidency in each Department, Madras University

[FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar19961-6] R. C. Majumdar 1996, p. 1.

[7] Sudama Misra (1973). Janapada state in ancient India. Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. p. 78.

[FOOTNOTEDineschandra_Sircar1971167-8] Dineschandra Sircar 1971, p. 167.

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