ᱡᱚ
ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱥᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱷ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹᱜ (ovary) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱑] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (Layer) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱾ [᱒]
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱴᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ (Botanical) ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱤᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ (Vegetable) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱣᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱮᱫ ᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱨᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱟᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱨ ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱰ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱤᱡᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [᱓]
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱬ-ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[᱔] [᱕]
ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱡᱚ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ [᱖]
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
- Images of fruit development from flowers at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
- Fruit and seed dispersal images Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱗-᱐᱔-᱒᱕ at the Wayback Machine. at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
- Fruit Facts Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱐-᱐᱗-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine. from California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc.
- Photo ID of Fruits Archived ᱒᱐᱒᱑-᱐᱑-᱐᱙ at the Wayback Machine. by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
- ↑ Mauseth, James D. 2003. Botany: an introduction to plant biology. Jones & Bartlett, Boston.
- ↑ Schlegel, Rolf 2003. Encyclopedic dictionary of plant breeding and related subjects. Haworth Press. ISBN 1-56022-950-0.
- ↑ cite book |last= Lewis |first= Robert A. |title= कृषि विज्ञान का सी आर सी शब्दकोश |url=http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0849323274&id=TwRUZK0WTWAC&pg=PA375&lpg=PA375&dq=fruit&sig=qv05UIJxg5T_NmacdW8YixDnDAo |date= January 1, 2002 |publisher= CRC Press|isbn= 0-8493-2327-4|pages=375–376
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X11000178 | A brief history of fruits and frugivores
- ↑ https://www.gardenguides.com/82843-history-fruits-vegetables.html
- ↑ cite book |last=Capon |first=Brian |title=Botany for Gardeners |url=http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0881926558&id=Z2s9v__6rp4C&pg=PA198&lpg=PA198&dq=coconut+dispersal&sig=o2ECHPkflL6xvh0CAjbkgmdSD1A |date=Feb 25, 2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0-88192-655-8 |pages=198–199