ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ-ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱘᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱙᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱢᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱣᱟᱰᱨᱤᱞᱮᱴᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱢ.ᱴᱤ. (ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ
ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ
ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ
ᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ
ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱥᱮᱵᱟ
ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱡᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ᱑᱘᱗᱑
ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ1,281 km (796 mi)
ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ᱒/᱑
ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ5 ft 6 in (᱑,᱖᱗᱖ mm) ᱵᱨᱚᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱕᱐ ᱮᱪ.ᱡᱮᱰ. ᱮᱥᱤ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ130 km/h (81 mph)
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞᱞᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ 622 metres (2,041 ft)
ᱨᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ–ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱥᱟᱲᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑,᱒᱘᱑ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱗᱙᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱴᱨᱟᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ-ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:

  1. ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ)
  2. ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱫᱟᱨ-ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
  3. ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ-ᱜᱩᱸᱴᱠᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
  4. ᱜᱩᱸᱴᱠᱚᱞ-ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱜᱩᱸᱴᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
  5. ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱜᱩᱸᱴᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱱᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱑᱖ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ GIPR ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱥᱫᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱳᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ GIPR ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱟᱞᱟ-ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱥᱫᱚᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[] ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒,᱐᱒᱗ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟᱱ: ᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ "ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱟᱨᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟ ᱔᱓᱕ ᱜᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱔᱑ ᱜᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾" ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱒,᱙᱖᱑ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑᱖᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖᱓ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾"[] ᱵᱷᱳᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱰᱷᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾[][]

ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ-ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ: ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱦᱳᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱦᱳᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[]

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱚᱡᱟᱦ ᱨᱳᱰ (ᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ M. R. ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱟᱸᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱭᱯᱩᱨ / ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱞᱩᱸᱰᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟᱴ ᱥᱩᱨ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱜᱩᱸᱴᱟ[] ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[]

ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ (GIPR) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ-ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[]

᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱳᱯᱳᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱥᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾[] ᱞᱳᱠᱢᱚᱱᱭᱟ ᱛᱤᱞᱚᱠ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ-ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱟ-ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱥᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱑᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[] CSMT ᱠᱷᱚᱱ LTT ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[][᱑᱐] ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟ-ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱑.᱕ ᱠᱮᱵᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱩᱱᱮ-ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ-ᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑] ᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱣᱟᱱ-ᱠᱚᱞᱵᱩᱨᱜᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒] ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱵᱩᱨᱜᱤ-ᱣᱟᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒]

ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱜᱩᱸᱴᱟ-ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚᱞᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱓][᱑᱔] ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚᱞᱩᱨ-ᱜᱩᱸᱴᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱕] ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱴᱠᱚᱞ-ᱣᱟᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒]

ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱮᱢ.ᱡᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ-ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱞᱞᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱪ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱙-᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱞᱞᱩ-ᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱠᱳᱱᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱒-᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱠᱳᱱᱚᱢ-ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱓-᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ-ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱜᱩᱸᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱔-᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖]

ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ 'ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ' ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱ-ᱯᱩᱱᱮ-ᱫᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ-ᱣᱟᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱟᱰᱤ-ᱨᱟᱭᱪᱩᱨ-ᱟᱫᱳᱱᱤ-ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱱᱚᱢ-ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱪᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ ᱰᱨ. ᱮᱢ.ᱡᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱸᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ 'ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱤ' ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱗]

ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱢ.ᱴᱤ., ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱡᱤ.ᱟᱨ. ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱸᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱘]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
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  9. "Central Railway plans DC/AC switch in May" - The Times of India. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (25 March 2014). Retrieved on 2014-06-11.
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  12. ᱑᱒.᱐ ᱑᱒.᱑ ᱑᱒.᱒ "March 2021: When the Mumbai-Chennai Railway Route Will Be Fully Doubled, Electrified". 1 September 2020.
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  14. "Rail Projects in Andhra Pradesh". Press Information Bureau, 21 November 2006. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
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