ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ (/ˌhɪndʊˈstɑːni/; Devanagari: हिन्दुस्तानी, Hindustānī; Perso-Arabic: ہِنْدُوسْتانی, Hindūstānī, lit. 'of Hindustan') ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱠᱟᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱞᱩᱨᱤᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱳᱨᱫᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:For multi

Hindustani
Hindi–Urdu
  • हिन्दुस्तानी
  • ہِنْدُوسْتانی
The word Hindustani in the Devanagari and Perso-Arabic (Nastaliq) scripts
ᱨᱟᱹᱲIPA: [ɦɪn̪d̪ʊst̪äːniː]
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶIndia and Pakistan
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟWestern UP/Delhi (North India),
Deccan (South India),
Pakistan[᱑]
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ
Expression error: ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "᱒".[᱒]
L2 speakers: ~500 million (1999–2016)[᱒]
ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ
ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ
Dialects
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ
ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ
Indian Signing System (ISS)[᱖]
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-1hi – Hindi
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ISO639-1 – Urdu
ISO 639-2hin – Hindi
ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ISO639-2 – Urdu
ISO 639-3Either:
hin – Hindi
urd – Urdu
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽhind1270[᱑᱐]
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ59-AAF-qa to -qf
Areas (red) where Hindustani (Delhlavi or Kauravi) is the native language

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟᱢᱥᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱮᱦᱞᱟᱵᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱰ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ '''ᱚᱢᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱨᱳᱣ''' ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱚᱵᱤ (Persian: ھندوی, lit. 'of Hind or India') ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱚᱛ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱑᱕᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱤᱰ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱡᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ- ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ (ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ/ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱑]

 
New Testament cover page in Hindustani language was published in 1842
 
First chapter of New Testament in Hindustani language

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:EB1911 Poster

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hindi topics ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Urdu topics ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Central Indo-Aryan languages


ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

  1. ↑ Robina Kausar; Muhammad Sarwar; Muhammad Shabbir (eds.). "The History of the Urdu Language Together with Its Origin and Geographic Distribution" (PDF). International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences. 2 (1).
  2. ↑ ᱒.᱐ ᱒.᱑ "Hindi" L1: 322 million (2011 Indian census), including perhaps 150 million speakers of other languages that reported their language as "Hindi" on the census. L2: 274 million (2016, source unknown). Urdu L1: 67 million (2011 & 2017 censuses), L2: 102 million (1999 Pakistan, source unknown, and 2001 Indian census): Ethnologue 21. Hindi at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018). Urdu at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018).
  3. ↑ ᱓.᱐ ᱓.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Grierson
  4. ↑ ᱔.᱐ ᱔.᱑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ray2011
  5. ↑ Gangopadhyay, Avik (2020). Glimpses of Indian Languages. Evincepub publishing. p. 43. ISBN 9789390197828.
  6. ↑ Norms & Guidelines Archived ᱑᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ at the Wayback Machine., 2009. D.Ed. Special Education (Deaf & Hard of Hearing), [www.rehabcouncil.nic.in Rehabilitation Council of India]
  7. ↑ The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of Devanagari and Hindi spelling in India. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction Archived ᱑᱕ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ "National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". www.urducouncil.nic.in.
  9. ↑ Zia, K. (1999). Standard Code Table for Urdu Archived ᱘ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ at the Wayback Machine.. 4th Symposium on Multilingual Information Processing, (MLIT-4), Yangon, Myanmar. CICC, Japan. Retrieved on 28 May 2008.
  10. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Hindustani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named PeterDass2019


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