ᱰᱚᱹ ᱨᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱳᱢ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ: ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘-᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱴᱮᱜᱳᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱳᱢ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ "ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱴᱮᱜᱳᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ" (ᱟᱭᱟᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱞᱞᱮᱱᱮᱱᱱᱳ, ᱨᱳᱢ, ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ, ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱜᱟᱢᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱟᱨ "ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ" (ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ, ᱒᱐᱑᱖) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱥᱳᱢ‌ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱵᱟ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱵᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ‌ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ, ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱨᱳᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱼᱫᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩ ᱥᱳᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱠ ᱥᱳᱢ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩ ᱥᱳᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱝᱵᱟᱫᱤᱠ[] ᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱠ ᱥᱳᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱮᱥᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
  • ᱥᱳᱢ ᱨᱮᱵᱟ, (᱒᱐᱑᱗) ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱳᱴ: ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱵᱮᱫᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ, ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ISBN 978-0-670-08879-9
  • Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 335: attempt to compare nil with number.
  • Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 335: attempt to compare nil with number.
  • ᱥᱳᱢ, ᱨᱮᱵᱟ (ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱔). ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱨᱞᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱦᱮᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱤᱠ – Victory of Symbol over Substance?. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 28, Part 1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 335: attempt to compare nil with number.
  • Lua error in ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 335: attempt to compare nil with number.

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
  1. "Financial Chronicle". Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2021-02-02.