ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ
ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ (ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱷ: Нұр-Сұлтан) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱛᱟᱱᱟ (ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ: Астана) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱱᱩᱨᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱡᱟᱨᱵᱟᱭᱮᱵᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱢ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ (special) ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱒᱙,᱕᱕᱖ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱢᱟᱴᱤ, ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
| ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ Нұр-Сұлтан ᱟᱥᱛᱟᱱᱟ (Астана, ᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱒᱐᱑᱙) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | |||
ᱜᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ: ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱩᱱᱰᱟᱭᱩᱱ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱨᱴ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱨᱮᱴ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱥᱡᱩᱫ, ᱤᱥᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center | |||
| |||
  ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ  ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ | |||
| Coordinates: 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°ECoordinates: 51°10′N 71°26′E / 51.167°N 71.433°E | |||
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ |  ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ | ||
| ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ | ᱑᱘᱓᱐ (ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ)[᱒] | ||
| ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | |||
| • ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ | ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨᱼᱠᱟᱭᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ | ||
| • ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ | City Council of Nur-Sultan | ||
| • ᱟᱠᱤᱢ | Altaı Kölginov | ||
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | |||
| • ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | 810.2 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (312.8 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) | ||
| ᱩᱥᱩᱞ | 347 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (1138 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) | ||
| ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ | (1 March 2020)[᱓] | ||
| • ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ | ᱑,᱑᱔᱔,᱗᱕᱕[᱑] | ||
| • ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ[᱔] | ᱑,᱒᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ | ||
| ALMT (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+6) | |||
| ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | 010000–010015[᱕] | ||
| ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱰ(ᱠᱚ) | +7 7172[᱖] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | AST[᱗] | ||
| License plate | 01, Z | ||
| ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ | www | ||
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᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱯ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱮᱵᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ (planned) ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ (settlement) ᱑᱘᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱤᱱᱥᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱠᱟᱥ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ: Акмолинский приказ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱑᱘᱓᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱤᱱᱥᱠ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ: Акмолинск) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱰ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ: Целиноград) ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱞᱢᱟᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱢᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱦᱤᱞᱳᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱟᱥᱛᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ" ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱱᱩᱨᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱡᱟᱨᱵᱟᱭᱮᱵᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱱᱤᱛᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ,_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg)
ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱞᱢᱟᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ (᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱢᱥᱠ (᱔᱕᱐ ᱠᱤᱢᱤ) ᱾
ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ| ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ | ᱡᱟᱱ | ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽ | ᱢᱟᱨᱪ | ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ | ᱢᱮᱹ | ᱡᱩᱱ | ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ | ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ | ᱥᱮᱯ | ᱚᱠᱴᱚ | ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮ | ᱰᱤᱥᱮ | ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ |
| ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ °ᱥᱮ (°ᱯᱷᱟ) | 3.4 (38.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
40.1 (104.2) |
41.6 (106.9) |
38.7 (101.7) |
36.2 (97.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ °ᱥᱮ (°ᱯᱷᱟ) | −9.9 (14.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
| ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ °ᱥᱮ (°ᱥᱮ) | −14.2 (6.4) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ °ᱥᱮ (°ᱯᱷᱟ) | −18.3 (−0.9) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
| ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ °ᱥᱮ (°ᱯᱷᱟ) | −51.6 (−60.9) |
−48.9 (−56.0) |
−38.0 (−36.4) |
−27.7 (−17.9) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−51.6 (−60.9) |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱟᱜᱼᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱢᱤᱢᱤ (ᱤᱧᱪᱤ) | 16 (0.6) |
15 (0.6) |
18 (0.7) |
21 (0.8) |
35 (1.4) |
37 (1.5) |
50 (2.0) |
29 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
27 (1.1) |
28 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
320 (12.6) |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱟᱜᱼᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | 2 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 106 |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷᱼᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ | 25 | 23 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 18 | 24 | 124 |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ relative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 79 | 64 | 54 | 53 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 68 | 80 | 79 | 67 |
| ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ | 103 | 147 | 192 | 238 | 301 | 336 | 336 | 294 | 230 | 136 | 100 | 94 | ᱒,᱕᱐᱗ |
| ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱑: Pogoda.ru.net[᱘] | |||||||||||||
| ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱒: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[᱙] | |||||||||||||
ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱦᱮᱡᱽᱥᱮᱱ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱰᱸ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
Travel guide ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱦᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
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ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2020-11-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Pospelov 1993, pp. 24–25.
- ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedstat.gov.kz - ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedinformburo - ↑ "Postal Code for Astana, Kazakhstan". Postal Codes Database. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
- ↑ "Kazakhstan Country Codes". CountryCallingCodes.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ↑ "ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan". GeoNames.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
- ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpogoda - ↑ "Akmola (Astana) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2015.