ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱓᱘᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ (᱔.᱙% ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ) ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ), ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱕᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱠᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ
- ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ : ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱢᱳᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ : ᱳᱥᱮᱱᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱦᱤᱧ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱨ (Average) ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾
ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ (ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱦᱮᱭᱢᱮᱴ (Urheimat)) ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱾
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱾
- ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱚᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
- ᱠᱟᱣᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
- ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱟᱭᱤᱱ - ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱵᱤᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱤᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ ᱾
- ᱵᱩᱦᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱩᱦᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱱᱩᱭᱳ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱱᱩᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱱᱪᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱠᱟᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ) - ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱱᱪᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱠᱩᱞᱤᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱢᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱞᱟᱯᱩᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱞᱟᱯᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱞᱳᱱᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱩᱜᱤᱱᱤᱥ, ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱥᱟᱨᱮᱥᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱞᱟᱣᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱨᱮᱱᱠᱳᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱛᱟᱜᱽᱵᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱞᱳᱛᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱪᱟᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱪᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱠᱟᱣᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
- ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
- ᱯᱮᱜᱳᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ, ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱡᱟᱣᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱟᱪᱮᱦᱱᱮᱥ, ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝᱠᱟᱵᱟᱣ, ᱛᱟᱣᱥᱩᱝ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱩ - ᱠᱟᱭᱼᱠᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱫᱩᱱᱜᱤᱝ - ᱤᱵᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱟᱵᱷᱳᱭᱩᱞᱤ - ᱨᱟᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟᱱ - ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱳᱞᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) - ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱩᱣᱟᱥ) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
- ᱨᱳᱱᱜᱳᱨᱳᱱᱜᱳ - ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱨᱟᱞᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
- ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱤᱞ - ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱛᱳᱞᱟᱭ, ᱢᱳᱴᱩ, ᱢᱟᱣᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱣᱟᱱ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱥᱤ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱾
ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱨᱴ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱑-᱑᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞᱯᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱢᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱟ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ), ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ, ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱟᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ, ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱮᱭᱚ, ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱩᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾
Austronesian List of Numbers 1-10 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-Austronesian | *əsa *isa |
*duSa | *təlu | *Səpat | *lima | *ənəm | *pitu | *walu | *Siwa | *(sa-)puluq | |||||||||||
Formosan languages | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
Atayal | qutux | sazing | cyugal | payat | magal | mtzyu | mpitu | mspat | mqeru | mopuw | |||||||||||
Seediq | kingal | daha | teru | sepac | rima | mmteru | mpitu | mmsepac | mngari | maxal | |||||||||||
Truku | kingal | dha | tru | spat | rima | mataru | empitu | maspat | mngari | maxal | |||||||||||
Thao | taha | tusha | turu | shpat | tarima | katuru | pitu | kashpat | tanathu | makthin | |||||||||||
Papora | tanu | nya | tul | pat | lima | minum | pitu | mehal | mesi | metsi | |||||||||||
Babuza | nata | naroa | natura | naspat | nahop | naitu | naito | natap | maitu | tsihet | |||||||||||
Taokas | tatanu | rua | tool'a | lapat | hasap | tahap | yuweto | mahalpat | tanaso | tais'id | |||||||||||
Pazeh | adang | dusa | tu'u | supat | xasep | xasebuza | xasebidusa | xasebitu'u | xasebisupat | isit | |||||||||||
Saisiyat | 'aeihae' | roSa' | to:lo' | Sopat | haseb | SayboSi: | SayboSi: 'aeihae' | maykaSpat | hae'hae' | lampez | |||||||||||
Tsou | coni | yuso | tuyu | sʉptʉ | eimo | nomʉ | pitu | voyu | sio | maskʉ | |||||||||||
Bunun | tasʔa | dusa | tau | paat | hima | nuum | pitu | vau | siva | masʔan | |||||||||||
Rukai | itha | drusa | tulru | supate | lrima | eneme | pitu | valru | bangate | pulruku | |||||||||||
Paiwan | ita | drusa | tjelu | sepatj | lima | enem | pitju | alu | siva | tapuluq | |||||||||||
Puyuma | isa | zuwa | telu | pat | lima | unem | pitu | walu | iwa | pulu' | |||||||||||
Kavalan | usiq | uzusa | utulu | uspat | ulima | unem | upitu | uwalu | usiwa | rabtin | |||||||||||
Basay | tsa | lusa | tsu | səpat | tsjima | anəm | pitu | wasu | siwa | labatan | |||||||||||
Amis | cecay | tosa | tolo | spat | lima | enem | pito | falo | siwa | mo^tep | |||||||||||
Sakizaya | cacay | tosa | tolo | sepat | lima | enem | pito | walo | siwa | cacay a bataan | |||||||||||
Siraya | sasaat | duha | turu | tapat | tu-rima | tu-num | pitu | pipa | kuda | keteng | |||||||||||
Taivoan | tsaha' | ruha | toho | paha' | hima | lom | kito' | kipa' | matuha | kaipien | |||||||||||
Makatao | na-saad | ra-ruha | ra-ruma | ra-sipat | ra-lima | ra-hurum | ra-pito | ra-haru | ra-siwa | ra-kaitian | |||||||||||
Yami | asa | dora | atlo | apat | lima | anem | pito | wao | siyam | poo | |||||||||||
Qauqaut | is | zus | dor | sop | rim | ən | pit | ar | siu | tor | |||||||||||
Malayo-Polynesian languages | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian | *əsa *isa |
*duha | *təlu | *əpat | *lima | *ənəm | *pitu | *walu | *siwa | *puluq | |||||||||||
Acehnese | sifar soh |
sa | duwa | lhee | peuet | limong | nam | tujoh | lapan | sikureueng | siploh | ||||||||||
Balinesea | nul |
besik siki |
dua |
telu |
papat |
lime |
nenem |
pitu |
kutus |
sia |
dasa | ||||||||||
Banjar | asa | dua | talu | ampat | lima | anam | pitu | walu | sanga | sapuluh | |||||||||||
Batak, Toba | sada | dua | tolu | opat | lima | onom | pitu | ualu | sia | sampulu | |||||||||||
Buginese | ceddi | dua | tellu | empa | lima | enneng | pitu | arua | asera | seppulo | |||||||||||
Cia-Cia | dise ise |
rua ghua |
tolu | pa'a | lima | no'o | picu | walu oalu |
siua | ompulu | |||||||||||
Cham | sa | dua | klau | pak | lima | nam | tujuh | dalapan | salapan | sapluh | |||||||||||
Javanese (Kawi)b[᱑] | sunya | eka |
dwi |
tri |
catur |
panca |
sad |
sapta |
asta |
nawa |
dasa | ||||||||||
Old Javanese[᱒] | das | sa (sa' / sak) |
rwa | tĕlu | pāt | lima | nĕm | pitu | walu | sanga | sapuluh | ||||||||||
Javanese (Krama) | nol | setunggal | kalih | tiga | sekawan | gangsal | enem | pitu | wolu | sanga | sedasa | ||||||||||
Javanese (Ngoko)[᱓] | nol | siji from sahiji | loro from ka-rwa (ka-ro) | telu | papat | lima | enem | pitu | wolu | sanga | sepuluh | ||||||||||
Kelantan-Pattani | kosong | so | duwo | tigo | pak | limo | ne | tujoh | lape | smile | spuloh | ||||||||||
Madurese | nol | settong | dhuwa' | tello' | empa' | lema' | ennem | petto' | ballu' | sanga' | sapolo | ||||||||||
Makassarese | lobbang nolo' |
se're | rua | tallu | appa' | lima | annang | tuju | sangantuju | salapang | sampulo | ||||||||||
Standard Malay (both Indonesian and Malaysian) |
kosong sifar[᱔] nol[᱕] |
sa/se satu suatu[᱖] |
dua | tiga[᱗] | empat | lima[᱘] | enam | tujuh | delapan lapan[᱙] |
sembilan | sepuluh | ||||||||||
Minangkabau | ciek | duo | tigo | ampek | limo | anam | tujuah | salapan | sambilan | sapuluah | |||||||||||
Moken | cha:? | thuwa:? | teloj (təlɔy) |
pa:t | lema:? | nam | luɟuːk | waloj (walɔy) |
chewaj (cʰɛwaːy / sɛwaːy) |
cepoh | |||||||||||
Rejang | do | duai | tlau | pat | lêmo | num | tujuak | dêlapên | sêmbilan | sêpuluak | |||||||||||
Sasak | sekek | due | telo | empat | lime | enam | pituk | baluk | siwak | sepulu | |||||||||||
Sundanese | nol | hiji | dua | tilu | opat | lima | genep | tujuh | dalapan | salapan | sapuluh | ||||||||||
Terengganu Malay | kosong | se | duwe | tige | pak | lime | nang | tujoh | lapang | smilang | spuloh | ||||||||||
Tetun | nol | ida | rua | tolu | hat | lima | nen | hitu | ualu | sia | sanulu | ||||||||||
Tsat (HuiHui)c | sa˧ * ta˩ ** |
tʰua˩ | kiə˧ | pa˨˦ | ma˧ | naːn˧˨ | su˥ | paːn˧˨ | tʰu˩ paːn˧˨ | piu˥ | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
Ilocano | ibbong awan |
maysa | dua | tallo | uppat | lima | innem | pito | walo | siam | sangapulo | ||||||||||
Ibanag | awan | tadday | duwa | tallu | appa' | lima | annam | pitu | walu | siyam | mafulu | ||||||||||
Pangasinan | sakey | duwa | talo | apat | lima | anem | pito | walo | siyam | samplo | |||||||||||
Kapampangan | alá | métung/ isá | adwá | atlú | ápat | limá | ánam | pitú | walú | siám | apúlu | ||||||||||
Tagalog | walâ | isá | dalawá | tatló | apat | limá | anim | pitó | waló | siyám | sampû | ||||||||||
Bikol | wara | sarô | duwá | tuló | apat | limá | anom | pitó | waló | siyám | sampulû | ||||||||||
Aklanon | uwa | isaea sambilog |
daywa | tatlo | ap-at | lima | an-om | pito | waeo | siyam | napueo | ||||||||||
Karay-a | wara | (i)sara | darwa | tatlo | apat | lima | anəm | pito | walo | siyam | napulo | ||||||||||
Onhan | isya | darwa | tatlo | upat | lima | an-om | pito | walo | siyam | sampulo | |||||||||||
Romblomanon | isa | duha | tuyo | upat | lima | onum | pito | wayo | siyam | napuyo | |||||||||||
Masbatenyo | isad usad |
duwa duha |
tulo | upat | lima | unom | pito | walo | siyam | napulo | |||||||||||
Hiligaynon | wala | isa | duha | tatlo | apat | lima | anom | pito | walo | siyam | napulo | ||||||||||
Cebuano | wala | usa | duha | tulo | upat | lima | unom | pito | walo | siyam | napulo pulo | ||||||||||
Waray | waray | usa | duha | tulo | upat | lima | unom | pito | walo | siyam | napulò | ||||||||||
Tausug | sipar | isa | duwa | tū | upat | lima | unum | pitu | walu | siyam | hangpu' | ||||||||||
Maranao | isa | dua | telu | pat | lima | nem | pitu | ualu | siau | sapulu' | |||||||||||
Benuaq (Dayak Benuaq) | eray | duaq | toluu | opaat | limaq | jawatn | turu | walo | sie | sepuluh | |||||||||||
Lun Bawang/ Lundayeh | na luk dih | eceh | dueh | teluh | epat | limeh | enem | tudu' | waluh | liwa' | pulu' | ||||||||||
Dusun | aiso | iso | duo | tolu | apat | limo | onom | turu | walu | siam | hopod | ||||||||||
Malagasy | aotra | isa iray |
roa | telo | efatra | dimy | enina | fito | valo | sivy | folo | ||||||||||
Sangirese (Sangir-Minahasan) | sembau | darua | tatelu | epa | lima | eneng | pitu | walu | sio | mapulo | |||||||||||
Oceanic languagesd | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||
Fijian | saiva | dua | rua | tolu | vaa | lima | ono | vitu | walu | ciwa | tini | ||||||||||
Hawaiian | 'ole | 'e-kahi | 'e-lua | 'e-kolu | 'e-hā | 'e-lima | 'e-ono | 'e-hiku | 'e-walu | 'e-iwa | 'umi | ||||||||||
Gilbertese | akea | teuana | uoua | tenua | aua | nimaua | onoua | itua | wanua | ruaiwa | tebwina | ||||||||||
Māori | kore | tahi | rua | toru | whā | rima | ono | whitu | waru | iwa | tekau ngahuru | ||||||||||
Marshallese[᱑᱐] | o̧o | juon | ruo | jilu | emān | ļalem | jiljino | jimjuon | ralitōk | ratimjuon | jon̄oul | ||||||||||
Motue[᱑᱑] | ta | rua | toi | hani | ima | tauratoi | hitu | taurahani | taurahani-ta | gwauta | |||||||||||
Niuean | nakai | taha | ua | tolu | fā | lima | ono | fitu | valu | hiva | hogofulu | ||||||||||
Rapanui | tahi | rua | toru | hā | rima | ono | hitu | va'u | iva | angahuru | |||||||||||
Rarotongan Māori | kare | ta'i | rua | toru | 'ā | rima | ono | 'itu | varu | iva | nga'uru | ||||||||||
Rotuman | ta | rua | folu | hake | lima | ono | hifu | vạlu | siva | saghulu | |||||||||||
Sāmoan | o | tasi | lua | tolu | fa | lima | ono | fitu | valu | iva | sefulu | ||||||||||
Sāmoan (K-type) |
o | kasi | lua | kolu | fa | lima | ogo | fiku | valu | iva | sefulu | ||||||||||
Tahitian | hō'ē tahi |
piti | toru | maha | pae | ōno | hitu | va'u | iva | hō'ē 'ahuru | |||||||||||
Tongan | noa | taha | ua | tolu | fa | nima | ono | fitu | valu | hiva | hongofulu taha noa | ||||||||||
Trukese | eet | érúúw | één | fáán | niim | woon | fúús | waan | ttiw | engoon | |||||||||||
Tuvaluan | tahi tasi |
lua | tolu | fa | lima | ono | fitu | valu | iva | sefulu |
English | one | two | three | four | person | house | dog | road | day | new | we | what | fire |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proto-Austronesian | *əsa, *isa | *duSa | *təlu | *əpat | *Cau | *balay, *Rumaq | *asu | *zalan | *qaləjaw, *waRi | *baqəRu | *kita, *kami | *anu, *apa | *Sapuy |
Tetum | ida | rua | tolu | haat | ema | uma | asu | dalan | loron | foun | ita | saida | ahi |
Amis | cecay | tosa | tolo | sepat | tamdaw | luma | wacu | lalan | cidal | faroh | kita | uman | namal |
Puyuma | sa | dua | telu | pat | taw | rumah | soan | dalan | wari | vekar | mi | amanai | apue, asi |
Tagalog | isa | dalawa | tatlo | apat | tao | bahay | aso | daan | araw | bago | tayo / kami | ano | apoy |
Bikol | sarô | duwá | tuló | apat | táwo | harong | áyam | dálan | aldaw | bâgo | kitá | anó | kalayó |
Rinconada Bikol | əsad | darwā | tolō | əpat | tawō | baləy | ayam | raran | aldəw | bāgo | kitā | onō | kalayō |
Waray | usa | duha | tulo | upat | tawo | balay | ayam, ido |
dalan | adlaw | bag-o | kita | anu | kalayo |
Cebuano | usa, isa |
duha | tulo | upat | tawo | balay | iro | dalan | adlaw | bag-o | kita | unsa | kalayo |
Hiligaynon | isa | duha | tatlo | apat | tawo | balay | ido | dalan | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kalayo |
Aklanon | isaea, sambilog |
daywa | tatlo | ap-at | tawo | baeay | ayam | daean | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kaeayo |
Kinaray-a | (i)sara | darwa | tatlo | apat | tawo | balay | ayam | dalan | adlaw | bag-o | kita | ano | kalayo |
Tausug | hambuuk | duwa | tu | upat | tau | bay | iru' | dan | adlaw | ba-gu | kitaniyu | unu | kayu |
Maranao | isa | dowa | t'lo | phat | taw | walay | aso | lalan | gawi'e | bago | tano | tonaa | apoy |
Kapampangan | métung | adwá | atlú | ápat | táu | balé | ásu | dálan | aldó | báyu | íkatamu | nánu | apî |
Pangasinan | sakey | dua, duara |
talo, talora |
apat, apatira |
too | abong | aso | dalan | ageo | balo | sikatayo | anto | pool |
Ilokano | maysa | dua | tallo | uppat | tao | balay | aso | dalan | aldaw | baro | datayo | ania | apoy |
Ivatan | asa | dadowa | tatdo | apat | tao | vahay | chito | rarahan | araw | va-yo | yaten | ango | apoy |
Ibanag | tadday | dua | tallu | appa' | tolay | balay | kitu | dalan | aggaw | bagu | sittam | anni | afi |
Yogad | tata | addu | tallu | appat | tolay | binalay | atu | daddaman | agaw | bagu | sikitam | gani | afuy |
Gaddang | antet | addwa | tallo | appat | tolay | balay | atu | dallan | aw | bawu | ikkanetam | sanenay | afuy |
Tboli | sotu | lewu | tlu | fat | tau | gunu | ohu | lan | kdaw | lomi | tekuy | tedu | ofih |
Lun Bawang/ Lundayeh | eceh | dueh | teluh | epat | lemulun/lun | ruma' | uko' | dalan | eco | beruh | teu | enun | apui |
Malay | sa/se, satu, suatu |
dua | tiga[ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ] | empat | orang | rumah, balai |
anjing | jalan | hari | baru | kita, kami | apa, anu |
api |
Old Javanese | esa, eka |
rwa, dwi |
tĕlu, tri |
pat, catur[᱑᱒] |
wwang | umah | asu | dalan | dina | hañar, añar[᱑᱓] | kami[᱑᱔] | apa, aparan |
apuy, agni |
Javanese | siji, setunggal |
loro, kalih |
tĕlu, tiga[᱑᱕] |
papat, sekawan |
uwong, tiyang, priyantun[᱑᱕] |
omah, griya, dalem[᱑᱕] |
asu, sĕgawon |
dalan, gili[᱑᱕] |
dina, dinten[᱑᱕] |
anyar, énggal[᱑᱕] |
awaké dhéwé, kula panjenengan[᱑᱕] |
apa, punapa[᱑᱕] |
gĕni, latu, brama[᱑᱕] |
Sundanese | hiji | dua | tilu | opat | urang | imah | anjing | jalan | poe | anyar, enggal |
arurang | naon | seuneu |
Acehnese | sa | duwa | lhèë | peuët | ureuëng | rumoh, balè, seuëng |
asèë | röt | uroë | barô | (geu)tanyoë | peuë | apui |
Minangkabau | ciek | duo | tigo | ampek | urang | rumah | anjiang | labuah, jalan |
hari | baru | awak | apo | api |
Rejang | do | duai | tlau | pat | tun | umêak | kuyuk | dalên | bilai | blau | itê | jano, gen, inê |
opoi |
Lampungese | sai | khua | telu | pak | jelema | lamban | kaci | ranlaya | khani | baru | kham | api | apui |
Buginese | se'di | dua | tellu | eppa' | tau | bola | asu | laleng | esso | baru | idi' | aga | api |
Temuan | satuk | duak | tigak | empat | uwang, eang |
gumah, umah |
anying, koyok |
jalan | aik, haik |
bahauk | kitak | apak | apik |
Toba Batak | sada | dua | tolu | opat | halak | jabu | biang | dalan | ari | baru | hita | aha | api |
Kelantan-Pattani | so | duwo | tigo | pak | oghe | ghumoh, dumoh |
anjing | jale | aghi | baghu | kito | gapo | api |
Chamorro | håcha, maisa |
hugua | tulu | fatfat | taotao/tautau | guma' | ga'lågu[᱑᱖] | chålan | ha'åni | nuebu[᱑᱗] | hita | håfa | guåfi |
Motu | ta, tamona |
rua | toi | hani | tau | ruma | sisia | dala | dina | matamata | ita, ai |
dahaka | lahi |
Māori | tahi | rua | toru | whā | tangata | whare | kurī | ara | rā | hou | tāua, tātou/tātau māua, mātou/mātau |
aha | ahi |
Gilbertese | teuna | uoua | tenua | aua | aomata | uma, bata, auti (from house) |
kamea, kiri |
kawai | bong | bou | ti | tera, -ra (suffix) |
ai |
Tuvaluan | tasi | lua | tolu | fá | toko | fale | kuli | ala, tuu |
aso | fou | tāua | a | afi |
Hawaiian | kahi | lua | kolu | hā | kanaka | hale | 'īlio | ala | ao | hou | kākou | aha | ahi |
Banjarese | asa | duwa | talu | ampat | urang | rūmah | hadupan | heko | hǎri | hanyar | kami | apa | api |
Malagasy | isa | roa | telo | efatra | olona | trano | alika | lalana | andro | vaovao | isika | inona | afo |
Dusun | iso | duo | tolu | apat | tulun | walai, lamin |
tasu | ralan | tadau | wagu | tokou | onu/nu | tapui |
Kadazan | iso | duvo | tohu | apat | tuhun | hamin | tasu | lahan | tadau | vagu | tokou | onu, nunu |
tapui |
Rungus | iso | duvo | tolu, tolzu |
apat | tulun, tulzun |
valai, valzai |
tasu | dalan | tadau | vagu | tokou | nunu | tapui, apui |
Sungai/Tambanuo | ido | duo | tolu | opat | lobuw | waloi | asu | ralan | runat | wagu | toko | onu | apui |
Iban | satu, sa, siti, sigi |
dua | tiga | empat | orang, urang |
rumah | ukui, uduk |
jalai | hari | baru | kitai | nama | api |
Sarawak Malay | satu, sigek |
dua | tiga | empat | orang | rumah | asuk | jalan | ari | baru | kita | apa | api |
Terengganuan | se | duwe | tige | pak | oghang | ghumoh, dumoh |
anjing | jalang | aghi | baghu | kite | mende, ape, gape, nape |
api |
Kanayatn | sa | dua | talu | ampat | urakng | rumah | asu' | jalatn | ari | baru | kami', diri' |
ahe | api |
ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Swadesh lists of Austronesian basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- "Homepage of linguist Dr. Lawrence Reid". Retrieved July 28, 2005.
- Summer Institute of Linguistics site showing languages (Austronesian and Papuan) of Papua New Guinea.
- "Austronesian Language Resources". Archived from the original on November 22, 2004.
- Spreadsheet of 1600+ Austronesian and Papuan number names and systems – ongoing study to determine their relationships and distribution[permanent dead link]
- Languages of the World: The Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) Language Family
- Introduction to Austronesian Languages and Culture (video) (Malayo-Polynesian) Language Family on YouTube
- 南島語族分布圖
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ- ↑ Siman Widyatmanta, Adiparwa. Vol. I dan II. Cetakan Ketiga. Yogyakarta: U.P. "Spring", 1968.
- ↑ Zoetmulder, P.J., Kamus Jawa Kuno-Indonesia. Vol. I-II. Terjemahan Darusuprapto-Sumarti Suprayitno. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995.
- ↑ "Javanese alphabet (Carakan)". Omniglot.
- ↑ from the Arabic صِفْر ṣifr
- ↑ Predominantly in Indonesia, comes from the Latin nullus
- ↑ The Sanskrit loanword "Ekasila" : "Eka" means 1, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech
- ↑ The Sanskrit loanword "Trisila" : "Tri" means 3, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech
- ↑ loanword from Sanskrit पञ्चन् páñcan - see Sukarno's Pancasila: "five principles", Pancawarna: "five colours, colourful".
- ↑ lapan is a known contraction of delapan; predominant in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
- ↑ Cook, Richard (1992). Peace Corps Marshall Islands: Marshallese Language Training Manual (PDF), pg. 22. Accessed August 27, 2007.
- ↑ Percy Chatterton, (1975). Say It In Motu: An instant introduction to the common language of Papua. Pacific Publications. ISBN 978-0-85807-025-7
- ↑ s.v. kawan, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982
- ↑ s.v. hañar, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982
- ↑ s.v. kami, this could mean both first person singular and plural, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982
- ↑ ᱑᱕.᱐ ᱑᱕.᱑ ᱑᱕.᱒ ᱑᱕.᱓ ᱑᱕.᱔ ᱑᱕.᱕ ᱑᱕.᱖ ᱑᱕.᱗ ᱑᱕.᱘ Javanese English Dictionary, Stuart Robson and Singgih Wibisono, 2002
- ↑ From Spanish "galgo"
- ↑ From Spanish "nuevo"