ᱥᱩᱡᱟᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱦᱚᱨ

ᱥᱩᱡᱟᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱦᱚᱨ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱘ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱓᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ (᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾[᱑][᱒][᱓][᱔]

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱥᱩᱡᱟᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱦᱚᱨ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱘ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ – ᱒᱗ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱙
ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱒᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ – ᱐᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔
ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱑᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ – ᱒᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱔
ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ
᱒᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱘ – ᱑᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱔
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ᱒᱘ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ (1934-08-28) (᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ)
ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱜᱳ/ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ (ᱵᱟᱵᱟ)
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱵᱤ.ᱮ. (Oxon.), ᱵᱮᱨᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴSupreme Court of India

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ - ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱡᱚᱯᱤ), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱕]

ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱝᱠᱚᱱᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱡᱳᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱖]

᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱑᱙᱗᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ (ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ) ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾[᱗]

ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱯ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾[᱘]

ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨᱰ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱝᱠᱚᱱᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱧᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

  1. Website - Supreme Court of IndiaArchived ᱒᱘ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ at the Wayback Machine.
  2. Website - Bombay High CourtArchived ᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
  3. Website - LMH
  4. Website - GNLU
  5. Website - Bombay High CourtArchived ᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
  6. Website - Bombay High CourtArchived ᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
  7. Website - Bombay High CourtArchived ᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.
  8. Website - Bombay High CourtArchived ᱕ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ at the Wayback Machine.