ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ
	ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ
ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
	᱕,᱕᱒,᱔᱙᱒ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ	᱔,᱑᱔,᱕᱒᱖
ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ	᱘᱙,᱗᱔᱔
ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ	᱔᱗,᱓᱙᱓
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ	᱑᱓,᱒᱔᱓
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ	᱓,᱕᱘᱓
ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ	᱕᱔᱔
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ	᱓᱓᱘
ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ	᱓᱓᱓
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
	ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲᱤ • ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ • ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ • ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ • ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ,ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱢᱚᱫᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱦᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱪᱩᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱤᱡᱣᱟᱨ, ᱱᱟᱨᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱟᱦᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱾

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱚᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (᱔᱑,᱔᱕᱒᱖), ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ (᱘᱙,᱗᱔᱔), ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ (᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱖), ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ (᱑᱓,᱔᱒᱓), ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (᱓,᱕᱘᱓), ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ (᱕᱓᱘), ᱳᱲᱤᱥᱟ (᱓᱓᱘) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ (᱓᱓᱓)᱾ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱔᱗,᱓᱙᱓ ᱾ ^[᱑᱓] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱚᱫᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ, ^[᱑᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱗᱓᱘᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱛᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱭᱳᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱩᱱᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱵᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱰᱚ^[᱑᱕] ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 'ᱵᱮᱣᱟᱨ' ᱥᱮ 'ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟ' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱦᱳᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱡᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱞᱳᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱭᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ

ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ (PVTG) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱗᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ PVTG ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱩᱡᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱳᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟᱥ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ^[᱑᱖] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱳᱫᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ

ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ^[᱑᱗] ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ (ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ "ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟᱱᱤ" ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱚᱱᱤ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱜᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ^[᱑᱘] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ

ᱠᱳᱰᱳ ᱢᱤᱞᱮᱴ, ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱫᱳ ᱵᱟᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱮᱡ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ

ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱦᱟ[ᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱤᱱ (ᱠᱩᱲᱤ)᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ^[᱑᱙] ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ "ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ" ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱵᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱡᱳᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ

^[᱒᱐]᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱛᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ^[᱒᱑] ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ^[᱒᱒] ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱡᱳᱫᱷᱟᱭᱭᱟ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ^[᱒᱓]

ᱱᱳᱴᱠᱚ

.

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "Statistical profile of scheduled tribes in India 2013" (PDF). tribal.nic.in. Minister of tribal affairs: statistics division, Govt of India.
↑ "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
↑ Gupta, J. Datta (1967). Tables on Scheduled Tribes, Part V-A (ii), Vol-XVI, West Bengal & Sikkim - Census 1961 (PDF).
Note: The Baigas were Scheduled only in the Purulia district and the territories transferred from the Purnea district of Bihar as per The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes lists (Modification) Order, 1956 and their population was only 4.
↑ Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Special series (22–24). Tribal Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal. 1978. p. 28. In this connection it may be mentioned that as Birjia and Chik Baraik had no population in 1961 and Birhor and Baiga in 1971, ..{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
↑ Singh, K. S. (1994). The Scheduled Tribes (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Vol. III. Oxford University Press in collaboration with the Anthropological Survey of India. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-563255-2.
↑ ^᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ "Census of India 1981, Series-23, West Bengal" (PDF). Special Tables For Scheduled Tribes, Part IX- (iii). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. 1981.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ ^᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ Census of India 1991, Series – 26, West Bengal (PDF). Vol. V. Part– VII(II), Special tables on Scheduled Tribes. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. 1901. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 15, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
↑ ^᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ "PCA-IND (ST): Primary Census Abstract (PCA) - Individual Scheduled Tribe [2001]". censusindia.gov.in.
↑ ^᱙.᱐ ^᱙.᱑ "A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix) [2011]". censusindia.gov.in.
↑ Bhadra, Ranjit K; Mondal, S. R, eds. (1991). "Ethnicity, Ethnic groups and Survival Strategy". Stratification, hierarchy, and ethnicity in North-east India (in English). Delhi: Daya Pub. House. p. 19. ISBN 978-81-7035-086-6. OCLC 26858289. In West Bengal, there is a group of people who are popularly known as Bagal, which means 'cattle herding'. [...] this group have greater tribal attributes in them. But they do not belong to Scheduled Caste or tribe. As a result, they are trying to rename themselves as 'Baiga', because the Baigas are Scheduled tribe and are getting all Constitutional benefits.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
↑ "Annual Administrative Report 2011–12". Scribd (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal. p. 66. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
↑ Cultural Research Institute Meeting report - 2019. Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal
↑ "A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
↑ "State wise Scheduled Tribes — Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
↑ "Baiga tribals become India's first community to get habitat rights" (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2018-03-18. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
↑ Bhuyan, Anoo. "Tribal Women in Chhattisgarh Win Right to Access Contraception". The wire. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
↑ Linguistic survey of India, Volume 6 by George Abraham Grierson.
↑ "The Tribune...Sunday Reading". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
↑ http://www.galli.in/2011/08/out-of-junglethe-baigas-sayantan-bera.html, 'the village Bhanpur Khera was relocated from inside the Khana National Park (a critical tiger habitat) way back in 1968.'
↑ Menon, Meena (1 August 2012). "Relocation plan to nowhere land". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 April 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.
↑ International, Survival. "Tiger Reserves, India". www.survivalinternational.org (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2018-07-13.
↑ "Baiga tribal labourer debuts as international painter in Milan, Paris". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2023-07-28.

ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ

Pandey, Devendra Prasad (2015-06-05). "An Empirical Study of the Socio-economic Status of Baiga Tribe of Central India". Economic and Political Weekly (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 57 (31): 7–8. eISSN 2349-8846. ISSN 0012-9976. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022.
Reddy, P. H.; Modell, B. (1997). "The Baigas of Madhya Pradesh: a demographic study". Journal of Biosocial Science. 29 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1017/s0021932097000199. ISSN 0021-9320. PMID 9881117.
Prasad, Archana (1998). "The Baiga: Survival strategies and local economy in the Central Provinces". Studies in History. 14 (2): 325–348. doi:10.1177/025764309801400209.

ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled tribes of India ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tribes of Jharkhand ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tribes of Uttar Pradesh

ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:<ref> tags exist for a group named "note", but no corresponding <references group="note"/> tag was found

[1] "Statistical profile of scheduled tribes in India 2013" (PDF). tribal.nic.in. Minister of tribal affairs: statistics division, Govt of India.

[census-2] "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2017-11-18.

[3] Gupta, J. Datta (1967). Tables on Scheduled Tribes, Part V-A (ii), Vol-XVI, West Bengal & Sikkim - Census 1961 (PDF).
Note: The Baigas were Scheduled only in the Purulia district and the territories transferred from the Purnea district of Bihar as per The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes lists (Modification) Order, 1956 and their population was only 4.

[4] Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Special series (22–24). Tribal Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal. 1978. p. 28. In this connection it may be mentioned that as Birjia and Chik Baraik had no population in 1961 and Birhor and Baiga in 1971, ..{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[5] Singh, K. S. (1994). The Scheduled Tribes (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Vol. III. Oxford University Press in collaboration with the Anthropological Survey of India. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-19-563255-2.

[Census1981-6] ᱖.᱐ ^᱖.᱑ "Census of India 1981, Series-23, West Bengal" (PDF). Special Tables For Scheduled Tribes, Part IX- (iii). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. 1981.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)^{[permanent dead link]}

[Census1991-7] ᱗.᱐ ^᱗.᱑ Census of India 1991, Series – 26, West Bengal (PDF). Vol. V. Part– VII(II), Special tables on Scheduled Tribes. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. 1901. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 15, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[Census2001-8] ᱘.᱐ ^᱘.᱑ "PCA-IND (ST): Primary Census Abstract (PCA) - Individual Scheduled Tribe [2001]". censusindia.gov.in.

[Census2011-9] ᱙.᱐ ^᱙.᱑ "A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix) [2011]". censusindia.gov.in.

[10] Bhadra, Ranjit K; Mondal, S. R, eds. (1991). "Ethnicity, Ethnic groups and Survival Strategy". Stratification, hierarchy, and ethnicity in North-east India (in English). Delhi: Daya Pub. House. p. 19. ISBN 978-81-7035-086-6. OCLC 26858289. In West Bengal, there is a group of people who are popularly known as Bagal, which means 'cattle herding'. [...] this group have greater tribal attributes in them. But they do not belong to Scheduled Caste or tribe. As a result, they are trying to rename themselves as 'Baiga', because the Baigas are Scheduled tribe and are getting all Constitutional benefits.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[11] "Annual Administrative Report 2011–12". Scribd (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal. p. 66. Retrieved 2022-06-24.

[12] Cultural Research Institute Meeting report - 2019. Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal

[14] "A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2017-02-04.

[15] "State wise Scheduled Tribes — Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2017-02-04.

[16] "Baiga tribals become India's first community to get habitat rights" (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 2018-03-18. Retrieved 2018-03-12.

[17] Bhuyan, Anoo. "Tribal Women in Chhattisgarh Win Right to Access Contraception". The wire. Retrieved 2020-09-01.

[18] Linguistic survey of India, Volume 6 by George Abraham Grierson.

[The_Tribune:_Sunday,_April_25,_1999-19] "The Tribune...Sunday Reading". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.

[:3-20] ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3

[21] ttp://www.galli.in/2011/08/out-of-junglethe-baigas-sayantan-bera.html, 'the village Bhanpur Khera was relocated from inside the Khana National Park (a critical tiger habitat) way back in 1968.'

[22] Menon, Meena (1 August 2012). "Relocation plan to nowhere land". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 April 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.

[23] International, Survival. "Tiger Reserves, India". www.survivalinternational.org (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 2018-07-13.

[24] "Baiga tribal labourer debuts as international painter in Milan, Paris". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2023-07-28.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[note ᱑]

[᱑᱓]

[᱑᱔]

[᱑᱕]

[᱑᱖]

[᱑᱗]

[᱑᱘]

[᱑᱙]

[᱒᱐]

[᱒᱑]

[᱒᱒]

[᱒᱓]

ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ
᱕,᱕᱒,᱔᱙᱒^[᱑]^[᱒] (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ	᱔,᱑᱔,᱕᱒᱖
ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ	᱘᱙,᱗᱔᱔
ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ	᱔᱗,᱓᱙᱓
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ	᱑᱓,᱒᱔᱓ ^{[note ᱑]}
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ	᱓,᱕᱘᱓
ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ	᱕᱔᱔
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ	᱓᱓᱘
ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ	᱓᱓᱓
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲᱤ • ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ • ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ • ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ • ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ