ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ

ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ; Central Bodish
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ; ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ; ᱪᱷᱮᱨ	ᱪᱤᱱ (ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛᱛᱚᱥᱟᱥᱤᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱪᱤᱝᱦᱟᱭ, ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ, ᱜᱟᱱᱥᱩ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱ); ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢ); ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ-ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ); ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ; ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱼᱵᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱠᱟᱱᱟᱣᱨᱤ? ᱵᱳᱫᱤᱥ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ; ; ; ;
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ;
ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ; ᱟᱢᱫᱳ; ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱥ; ᱠᱚᱝᱠᱟᱼᱞᱳᱠᱷᱟ; ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱼᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ; ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞᱤᱼᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ; ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱼᱠᱟᱜᱮᱫ; ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟᱼᱡᱤᱨᱮᱞ; (ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ);
ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ	oldm1245
	ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ (ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ: བོད་སྐད།, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Tibetic languages) ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱼᱵᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱞᱩᱜᱷᱩᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ, ᱪᱤᱝᱦᱟᱭ, ᱜᱟᱱᱥᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ‌ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ-ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ^[᱒]^[᱓]^[᱔] ᱾

ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ^[᱕] ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Early Old Tibetan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ Beyer, Stephan V. (1992). The Classical Tibetan Language. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-1099-4.
↑ Denwood, Philip (1999). Tibetan. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 90-272-3803-0.
↑ Denwood, Philip (2007). "The Language History of Tibetan". In Roland Bielmeier, Felix Haller. Linguistics of the Himalayas and beyond. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 47–70. ISBN 3-11-019828-2.
↑ Tournadre, Nicolas (2014). "The Tibetic languages and their classification". In Owen-Smith, Thomas; Hill, Nathan W. (eds.). Trans-Himalayan Linguistics: Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area. De Gruyter. pp. 103–129. ISBN 978-3-11-031074-0. (preprint)

ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ Central Bodish
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ	ᱪᱤᱱ (ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱛᱛᱚᱥᱟᱥᱤᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱪᱤᱝᱦᱟᱭ, ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ, ᱜᱟᱱᱥᱩ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱ); ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢ); ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ-ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ); ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ; ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱼᱵᱚᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱠᱟᱱᱟᱣᱨᱤ? ᱵᱳᱫᱤᱥ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱩᱯ	ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ
ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ	ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱢᱫᱳ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱥ ᱠᱚᱝᱠᱟᱼᱞᱳᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱼᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞᱤᱼᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱼᱠᱟᱜᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟᱼᱡᱤᱨᱮᱞ (ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ)
ᱜᱞᱚᱴᱴᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ	`oldm1245`^[᱑]
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ