ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ "ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ 'ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ' ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾"^[᱑] ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ᱾

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ), ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ᱟᱨᱴ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱜᱟᱨ, ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ, ᱱᱮᱼᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱩᱱᱠᱷᱤ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ "ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ" (comparatists) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ-ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱟᱱ (ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱱᱟ) ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ6 ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱠᱞᱮᱠᱴᱤᱥᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ (ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ) ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱲᱩᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱳᱯ, ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱭᱤᱪ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾^[᱒]

"ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" ᱟᱨ "ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ, ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱡᱮᱱᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ (ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ, ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱥ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ, ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾^[᱓] ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱡᱚᱝᱼᱟ᱾

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ICLA) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱱᱰᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱜᱳ ᱢᱮᱞᱴᱡᱚᱞ ᱰᱤ ᱞᱳᱢᱱᱤᱴᱡᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱠᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ (᱑᱘᱗᱗) ᱡᱟᱨᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱪ. ᱮᱢ. ᱯᱚᱥᱱᱮᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱪᱟᱨ (᱑᱘᱘᱖)᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱱ ᱣᱳᱞᱯᱷᱜᱮᱝ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱜᱳᱭᱮᱛᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ "ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" (Weltliteratur) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱞᱮᱠᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱥᱮᱞᱳᱵᱽᱥᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱨᱢᱩᱱᱥᱠᱤ, ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱮᱥᱮᱞᱳᱵᱽᱥᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ "᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ (ᱡᱤᱨᱢᱩᱱᱥᱠᱤ qtd. ᱨᱟᱪᱮᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱳᱱᱥᱠᱤ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱛᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱮᱥᱟᱸ [ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤᱡ UP, ᱑᱙᱙᱘)᱾ ᱑᱗]᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱳᱰᱚᱨ ᱵᱩᱥᱞᱟᱭᱮᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ Zeitgeist ᱥᱮ "ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱢᱟ" ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ, ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤᱠ (ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ (ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ)᱾^{[ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]}

ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ

᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ (empiricist) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱫᱤ (positivist) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱜᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱢᱩᱞ" ᱟᱨ "ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ" ᱫᱚ "ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱰᱮᱥ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱥ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱦᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱯᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ-ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, La Littérature Comparée (᱑᱙᱖᱗) ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱤᱪᱳᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮ. ᱮᱢ. Rousseau, La Critique Littéraire (᱑᱙᱖᱙) ᱡᱮ-ᱥᱤ. ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱳᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱳᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱮᱭᱤ (᱑᱙᱘᱙) ᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱪᱮᱵᱚᱨᱮᱞ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱰᱮ: ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱚᱰᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱽᱥ (᱑᱙᱙᱕) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ

ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱮᱛ, ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱰᱤ (᱑᱙᱒᱙-᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱞᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱮ "ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ") ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ, ᱞᱤᱨᱤᱠ (ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱨᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ) ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱮᱭᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: "ᱥᱳᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱜ Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ᱾ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ "Applied Literature") ᱾

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ

ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱦᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱯᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ: ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ, ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ

ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "About Us - Comparative Literature". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
↑ Placement of 1996-97 PhDs in Classics, Modern Languages, and Linguistics, retrieved Dec 18, 2011
↑ Lernout, Geert (2006), "Comparative Literature in the Low Countries", Comparative Critical Studies, British Comparative Literature, 3 (1): 37–46, doi:10.3366/ccs.2006.3.1-2.37, retrieved Dec 18, 2011, When I tell members of the general public, in airplanes or hotel bars, what I do for a living, the most common reply has always been: 'What do you guys compare literature to?' Nowadays I tend to answer: 'With everything else.' If I look at the courses I have given over the years, this is not even an exaggeration – I have taught courses on literature 'And Very Nearly Everything Else': literature and music, literature and the arts, literature and science, psychology, religion, sociology, history, philosophy. The trouble with literature, however defined, is that you cannot even begin to grasp its complexity if you do not fully understand its relationship to, well, everything else. In my personal life this has meant that I have found the perfect academic excuse for an unquenchable thirst for all kinds of information, some more, some less arcane (less charitably it could be argued that this has saved me from having to make up my Kierkegaardian mind about what I really want to do with my life).

[1] "About Us - Comparative Literature". www.brown.edu. Retrieved 18 March 2018.

[2] Placement of 1996-97 PhDs in Classics, Modern Languages, and Linguistics, retrieved Dec 18, 2011

[3] Lernout, Geert (2006), "Comparative Literature in the Low Countries", Comparative Critical Studies, British Comparative Literature, 3 (1): 37–46, doi:10.3366/ccs.2006.3.1-2.37, retrieved Dec 18, 2011, When I tell members of the general public, in airplanes or hotel bars, what I do for a living, the most common reply has always been: 'What do you guys compare literature to?' Nowadays I tend to answer: 'With everything else.' If I look at the courses I have given over the years, this is not even an exaggeration – I have taught courses on literature 'And Very Nearly Everything Else': literature and music, literature and the arts, literature and science, psychology, religion, sociology, history, philosophy. The trouble with literature, however defined, is that you cannot even begin to grasp its complexity if you do not fully understand its relationship to, well, everything else. In my personal life this has meant that I have found the perfect academic excuse for an unquenchable thirst for all kinds of information, some more, some less arcane (less charitably it could be argued that this has saved me from having to make up my Kierkegaardian mind about what I really want to do with my life).

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