ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ

ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱰᱤᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱙᱔.᱘᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱗,᱓᱘᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ[᱔] ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔᱐ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱪᱤᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ[᱙][᱑᱐] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱼ ᱒ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱞᱟᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱚᱴᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ[᱑᱑] (GCDA) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱚᱴᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ (GIDA) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱒]

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ
ᱠᱚᱪᱤᱱ
ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ
Clockwise from top: Marine Drive Skyline, Chinese Fishing Nets at Fort Kochi, Cochin Shipyard, Queen's Way, Hill Palace, InfoPark
Clockwise from top: Marine Drive Skyline, Chinese Fishing Nets at Fort Kochi, Cochin Shipyard, Queen's Way, Hill Palace, InfoPark
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ: Queen of the Arabian Sea[᱑][᱒]
ᱠᱚᱪᱤ is located in India
ᱠᱚᱪᱤ
ᱠᱚᱪᱤ
Coordinates: 9°58′N 76°17′E / 9.97°N 76.28°E / 9.97; 76.28Coordinates: 9°58′N 76°17′E / 9.97°N 76.28°E / 9.97; 76.28
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ
ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ
Formed᱑ ᱟᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱕᱘[᱓]
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ
 • ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
 • ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
 • ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱢ ᱟᱱᱤᱞᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ (CPI(M))
 • ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱱᱚᱨᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱟᱨᱮ IPS
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ [᱔]
 • ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ94.88 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (36.63 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
 • ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ[᱕]440 ᱠᱤᱢᱤ২ (170 ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
ᱩᱥᱩᱞ0 ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (0 ᱯᱷᱩᱴ)
ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ(᱒᱐᱑᱑)[᱔]
 • ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱞᱤᱥ᱖᱗᱗,᱓᱗᱑
 • ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ7100/ᱠᱤᱢᱤ2 (18000/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱤᱞ)
 • ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ[᱖]᱒,᱑᱑᱙,᱗᱒᱔
Demonym(s)ᱠᱚᱪᱤᱱᱤᱛᱮ[᱗][᱘]
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
 • ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱢᱚᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ
IST (ᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥᱤ+5:30)
ᱯᱤᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ᱖᱘᱒ XXX, ᱖᱘᱓ XXX
ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱰ(ᱠᱚ)+᱙᱑-᱔᱘᱔
ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤKL-7, KL-39, KL-41, KL-42, KL-43, KL-63
ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ
Coastline48 kilometres (30 mi)
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ᱑᱐᱒᱘ /♀ /᱑᱐᱐᱐♂
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ᱙᱘.᱕%
Development AgencyGCDA, GIDA
ClimateAm (Köppen)
Precipitation3,228.3 millimetres (127.10 in)
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴcochinmunicipalcorporation.kerala.gov.in

ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱜ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
 
ᱠᱩᱸᱰᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ 9°58′N 76°13′E / 9.967°N 76.217°E / 9.967; 76.217 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱙᱔.᱘᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[᱑᱓]

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱱᱮᱫᱩᱢᱵᱽᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱗ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱜᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾[᱑᱔] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ[᱑᱕] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱰᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱᱚᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱖᱖, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱕᱔᱔, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱙᱖᱖ᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱙᱖᱖B ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑᱖][᱑᱗][᱑᱘]

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ

ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ
ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ
 
 44%
ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ
 
 38%
ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ
 
 17%
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ
 
 1%

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑,᱑᱗,᱙᱙᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱼᱠᱷᱚᱱᱼᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱑,᱐᱒᱘: ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱙᱓᱓: ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱙᱗.᱕% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

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  1. ↑ K. C. Sivaramakrishnan (2006). People's Participation in Urban Governance. Concept Publishing Company. p. 156. ISBN 81-8069-326-0. Archived from the original on 8 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2016.
  2. ↑ Ganesh Kumar (ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2010). Modern General Knowledge. Upkar Prakashan. p. 194. ISBN 978-81-7482-180-5. Archived from the original on 6 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2016.
  3. ↑ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱲᱟᱹᱜ:Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ernakulam.nic.in
  4. ↑ ᱔.᱐ ᱔.᱑ ᱔.᱒ "Profile of Kochi". Kochi Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  5. ↑ "Demographia World Urban Areas" (PDF). demographia.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2011.
  6. ↑ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 million and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2011.
  7. ↑ Sadasivan, S.N. (2005). Territorial Integration. Political and Administrative Integration of Princely States. Mittal Publications. p. 64. ISBN 9788170999683.
  8. ↑ Menon, K.P.S. (23 January 1977). "My Kerala". Sunday. Vol. 4, no. 44. Ananda Bazar. p. 31.
  9. ↑ "Urban Sector Kerala" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  10. ↑ "Steps to control pollution in Greater Kochi area mooted". The Hindu. 20 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2010. Archived from the original on 6 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2013.
  11. ↑ "GCDA - Greater Cochin Development Authority". Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  12. ↑ "Indian Census 2011 list of cities" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  13. ↑ "Cochin City Profile". Kochi Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  14. ↑ "The Official Website of Cochin International Airport". Cochin-airport.in. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  15. ↑ "A novel venture in the history of Indian Aviation". Cochin International Airport. Archived from the original on 23 May 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  16. ↑ "NS&EW Corridor Map". National Highway Authority of India. Archived from the original on 27 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2011. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2011.
  17. ↑ "NS&EW Corridor Chainage Chart". National Highway Authority of India. Archived from the original on 20 ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ 2010. Retrieved 24 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2011.
  18. ↑ "A mammoth task achieved". The Hindu. 11 ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2011. Archived from the original on 9 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2012. Retrieved 22 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 2011.

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ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱠᱚᱪᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Neighbourhoods of Kochi

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