ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱢᱩᱨᱤ, ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ, ᱢᱮᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ
ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ
ᱡᱟᱹᱛ	ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	᱑.᱗᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱮᱛᱚᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱮᱛᱚᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ; ; ;
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ; ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱭᱮᱠ; ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱼᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ); ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ;
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-2	mni
ISO 639-3	Either:; mni – ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ; omp – ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ	omp ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	mani1292

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ (ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ; ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱷᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱢ‌ ᱵᱟᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ, ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱢ instead of ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱭᱮᱠ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱮᱛᱚᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱑.᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱛ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱒᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱛ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱓]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ (ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱗᱑ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱘ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ post-graduate (ᱯᱤᱮᱭᱤᱪ ᱰᱤ) ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ undergraduate ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱔]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱛ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱣᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱕] ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ - ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ+ᱞᱳᱱ) ᱾^[᱕] ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤ 'ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ'+ᱛᱷᱮᱭ 'ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕] ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭᱞᱳᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱾^[᱕]

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ) "ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾^[᱕] "ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱠᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱦᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ (natural) ᱨᱩᱯ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱕] ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ‌ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱕] "ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾‌

ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾^[᱖] ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾^[᱗]

ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

᱑᱘ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱟᱢᱦᱮᱭᱵᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱛ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱪᱮᱸᱜᱷᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱘ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱟᱢᱦᱮᱭᱵᱟ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱼᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱳᱸᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱮ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱑᱗᱐᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ (ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ) ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱖ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱧᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨᱡᱟᱞ (ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ) ᱨᱮ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ ^᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ "Meitei". Ethnologue (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Manipuri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
↑ Burling, Robbins (2003). "The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge. pp. 169–191. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5.
↑ Devi, S. (May 2013). "Is Manipuri an Endangered Language?" (PDF). Language in India. 13 (5): 520–533.
↑ ^᱕.᱐ ^᱕.᱑ ^᱕.᱒ ^᱕.᱓ ^᱕.᱔ ^᱕.᱕ ^᱕.᱖ Chelliah (1997: 2)
↑ Thoudam, P. C. (2006). Demographic and Ethnographic Information: Problems in the analysis of Manipuri language. Central Institute of Indian Language.
↑ Haokip, P. (April 2011). "The Languages of Manipur: A Case Study of the Kuki-Chin Languages". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 34 (1): 86–118.

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[Ethnologue-1] ᱑.᱐ ^᱑.᱑ ^᱑.᱒ "Meitei". Ethnologue (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Retrieved 10 April 2020.

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Manipuri". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

[3] Burling, Robbins (2003). "The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge. pp. 169–191. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5.

[4] Devi, S. (May 2013). "Is Manipuri an Endangered Language?" (PDF). Language in India. 13 (5): 520–533.

[Chelliah_1997:_2-5] ᱕.᱐ ^᱕.᱑ ^᱕.᱒ ^᱕.᱓ ^᱕.᱔ ^᱕.᱕ ^᱕.᱖ Chelliah (1997: 2)

[6] Thoudam, P. C. (2006). Demographic and Ethnographic Information: Problems in the analysis of Manipuri language. Central Institute of Indian Language.

[7] Haokip, P. (April 2011). "The Languages of Manipur: A Case Study of the Kuki-Chin Languages". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 34 (1): 86–118.

[᱑]

[᱒]

[᱓]

[᱔]

[᱕]

[᱖]

[᱗]