ᱤᱵᱱ ᱵᱟᱴᱩᱴᱟ

ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱩᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱩᱛᱟ (᱒᱕ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱓᱐᱔ – ᱑᱓᱖᱘/᱑᱓᱖᱙) ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة‎‎, ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ, ᱥᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱟᱵᱫᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱩᱛᱟ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱟᱢᱥ–ᱩᱫᱽ–ᱫᱤᱱ" ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱮ ᱳᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱗᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱑,᱒᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ ᱭᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ) ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ, ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ, ᱤᱨᱟᱠ, ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱯ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ, ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱮ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱯᱳᱞᱳ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱩᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱯᱳᱞᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱰᱷᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱮ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱢᱚᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱵᱩ ᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱡᱳᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ "ᱨᱤᱦᱚᱞᱟ"᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ, ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾

Handmade oil painting reproduction of Ibn Battuta in Egypt, a painting by Hippolyte Leon Benett.

ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱱ

ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱩᱛᱟ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱴᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱧᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱸᱥᱟᱹᱲ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱭᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱱᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱓᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱩᱢᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱡᱡᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱭ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱦᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱡᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲᱚᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱡᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱛ

• https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

A Tangerine in Delhi Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱑-᱐᱔-᱐᱘ at the Wayback Machine. — Saudi Aramco World article by Tim Mackintosh-Smith (March/April 2006).

• The Longest Hajj: The Journeys of Ibn Battuta Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱐᱙-᱒᱐ at the Wayback Machine. — Saudi Aramco World article by Douglas Bullis (July/August 2000).
• Google Books — link to a 2004 reissue of Gibb's 1929 translation.
• French text from Defrémery and Sanguinetti (1853–1858) with an introduction and footnotes by Stéphane Yérasimos published in 1982: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3.