ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ, ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ: شاہ مکھی) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱼᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ[᱑][᱒][᱓][᱔] ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ (writing system) ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ[᱕]

ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ
"ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ" ᱚᱞ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱪᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ
ᱟᱵᱽᱡᱟᱫ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ
ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ
U+0600 to U+06FF

U+0750 to U+077F
U+08A0 to U+08FF
U+FB50 to U+FDFF

U+FE70 to U+FEFF

ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱠᱨᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ
ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ IPA ᱱᱳᱴ
◌ٰ Khari Zabar a [ə] Used in certain loanwords such as ‘عیسیٰ’ (‘Jesus’)
◌َ Zabar a [ə]
◌ً Zabar Tanwīn -an [ən] Used for certain loanwords such as ‘فوراً’ (‘Immediately’)
◌ٓ Maddah ā [aː] Used only for Alif Maddah (ا + ٓ = آ), usually written
◌ِ Zer i [ɪ] Written underneath a letter
◌ٍ Zer Tanwīn in [ɪn] Used for certain loanwords, written underneath a letter
◌ُ Pesh u [u]
◌ٔ Hamza varied - Used on vowels to indicate a diphthong between two vowels, examples such as: ‘ئ’, ‘ۓ’, ‘ؤ‘, and أ usually written
◌ّ Tashdīd Geminite [.] Doubles a consonant, goes above the letter being doubled - کّ = kk

ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱮᱞ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ[᱖] IPA Final glyph Medial glyph Initial glyph Isolated glyph ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ
الف alifa /ɑː, ʔ, ∅/ ا ا , (medial)
بے /b/ بـ ب
پے /p/ پـ پ
تے /t/ تـ ت
ٹے ṭē /ʈ/ ٹـ ٹ
ثے s̱ē /s/ ثـ ث
جيم jīma /d͡ʒ/ جـ ج
چے /t͡ʃ/ چـ چ
وڈّی حے waḍḍi ḥē /ɦ/ حـ ح
᱑᱐ خے k͟hē /x/ خـ خ ਖ਼
᱑᱑ دال dāla /d/ د د
᱑᱒ ڈال ḍāla /ɖ/ ڈ ڈ
᱑᱓ ذال ẕāla /z/ ز ذ ਜ਼
᱑᱔ رے /r/ ر ر
᱑᱕ ڑے ṛē /ɽ/ ڑ ڑ
᱑᱖ زے /z/ ز ز ਜ਼
᱑᱗ ژے zhē /ʒ/ ژ ژ -
᱑᱘ سین sīna /s/ سـ س
᱑᱙ شین shīna /ʃ/ شـ ش ਸ਼
᱒᱐ صاد ṣwāda /s/ صـ ص
᱒᱑ ضاد ẓwāda /z/ ضـ ض ਜ਼
᱒᱒ طوۓ t̤oʼē /t/ طـ ط
᱒᱓ ظوۓ z̤oʼē /z/ ظـ ظ ਜ਼
᱒᱔ عین ʻaina /ɑː, oː, eː, ʔ, ʕ, ∅/ عـ ع
᱒᱕ غین g͟haina /ɣ/ غـ غ ਗ਼
᱒᱖ فے /f/ فـ ف ਫ਼
᱒᱗ قاف qāfa /q/ قـ ق ਕ਼
᱒᱘ کاف kāfa /k/ کـ ک
᱒᱙ گاف gāfa /ɡ/ گـ گ
᱓᱐ لام lāma /l/ لـ / لا ل
᱓᱑ لؕام ḷāma /ɭ/ لؕـ / لؕا لؕ ਲ਼
᱓᱒ میم mīma /m/ مـ م
᱓᱓ نون nūna /n, ɲ/ نـ ن
᱓᱔ ݨون ṇūṇa /ɳ/ ݨـ ݨ
᱓᱕ نون غنّہ nūn ġunnah /◌̃, ŋ/ ں

(ن٘)

,
᱓᱖ واؤ wāʼoa /ʋ, uː, ʊ, oː, ɔː/ و و ,
᱓᱖ چھوٹی ہے
گول ہے
choṭī hē
gol hē
/ɦ, ɑː, e:/ ہـ ہ
᱓᱘ دو چشمی ہے do-cashmī hē /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ ھـ ھ varied / ੍ਹ
᱓᱙ ہمزہ hamzah /ʔ/, /∅/ ء ء -
᱔᱐ چھوٹی يے choṭī yē /j, iː, ɑː/ یـ ی ,
᱔᱑ وڈّی يے waḍḍi yē /ɛː, eː/ ے ,

No Punjabi words begin with ں‎, ھ‎, ڑ‎ or ے‎. The digraphs of aspirated consonants are as follows.

No. Digraph[᱗] Transcription[᱗] IPA Example
بھ bh [p], [b] بھاری
پھ ph [pʰ] پھول
تھ th [tʰ] تھم
ٹھ ṭh [ʈʰ] ٹھیس
جھ jh [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ] جھاڑی
چھ ch [t͡ʃʰ] چھوکرا
دھ dh [t], [d] دھوبی
ڈھ ḍh [ʈ], [ɖ] ڈھول
رھ rh [rʱ] No example?
᱑᱐ ڑھ ṛh [ɽʱ] کڑھنا
᱑᱑ کھ kh [kʰ] کھولنا
᱑᱒ گھ gh [k], [ɡ] گھبراہٹ
᱑᱓ لھ lh [lʱ] No example?
᱑᱔ مھ mh [mʱ] No example?
᱑᱕ نھ nh [nʱ] ننھا
᱑᱖ وھ wh [ʋʱ] No example?
᱑᱗ یھ yh [jʱ] No example?
  • ے‎ (Bari ye) is only found in the final position, when writing the sounds e (ਏ) or æ (ਐ), and in initial and medial positions, it takes the form of یَ‎.
  • Vowels are expressed as follows:
Romanization Final Middle Initial
a (ਅ) N/A ـَ اَ
ā (ਆ) ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ ـَا آ
i (ਇ) N/A ـِ اِ
ī (ਈ) ـِى ـِيـ اِی
e (ਏ) ـے‬ ـيـ اے
ai (ਐ) ـَے‬ ـَيـ اَے
u (ਉ) N/A ـُ اُ
ū (ਊ) ـُو اُو
o (ਓ) ـو او
au (ਔ) ـَو اَو

ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

 

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ

  1. Evans, Lorna Priest; Malik, M.G. Abbas (1 May 2019). "Unicode Proposal for ArLaam" (PDF). Unicode. Punjabi Parchar. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  2. Singh Saini, Tejineder; Singh Lehal, Gurpreet; S Kalra, Virinder (August 2008). "Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System" (PDF). Aclweb.org. Coling 2008 Organizing Committee. p. 773. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  3. Sharma, Saurabh; Gupta, Vishal (May 2013). "Punjabi Documents Clustering System" (PDF). Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence. 5 (2): 174. doi:10.4304/JETWI.5.2.171-187. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  4. Dhanju, Kawarbir Singh; Lehal, Gurpreet Singh; Saini, Tejinder Singh; Kaur, Arshdeep (October 2015). "Design and Implementation of Shahmukhi Spell Checker" (PDF). Learnpunjabi.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  5. Dorren, Gaston (2018). Babel: Around the World in Twenty Languages. Profile Books. ISBN 978-1782832508.
  6. Delacy 2003, p. XV–XVI.
  7. ᱗.᱐ ᱗.᱑ "Urdu romanization" (PDF). The Library of Congress.