ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ
ᱦᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲ
	ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ
ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
	ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱒᱒.᱙ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ
ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
	ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ	᱒᱒,᱒᱘,᱖᱖᱑
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ	᱑᱓,᱒᱙,᱒᱒᱑
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ	᱕,᱘᱔,᱓᱔᱖
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ	᱓,᱖᱖,᱓᱘᱖
ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ	᱑᱕,᱐᱙᱕
ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ	᱑᱕,᱕᱔᱔
ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ	᱑᱔,᱐᱓᱘
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ	᱕,᱐᱔᱑
ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ	᱖᱐,᱑᱙᱑ (᱒᱐᱒᱑)
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ	᱒,᱓᱕᱐ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ
	ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ• ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ • ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ • ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ • ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ • ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
	ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ (᱔᱑.᱓%); ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ (᱒᱘.᱑%); ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ (᱒᱗.4᱔%);
ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ
	ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ; ᱦᱳ; ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ; ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱝ; ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ;

ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ^[᱗] ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱳᱴᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱳᱲᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ^[᱘] ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱚᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ^[᱙]ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱢ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ

ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱳᱴᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱼᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ^[᱑᱐] ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱳᱠᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱳ ᱠᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱝᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ᱾ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ^[᱑᱑], "ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ. ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱚᱫ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱳ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ "ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ"᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ^[᱑᱒] (᱑᱙᱗᱖) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

^[᱑᱓]ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱣᱞ ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ (ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱢᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱡᱤᱥᱩ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨᱨᱟ ᱮᱹ ᱳᱭᱮᱥᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ "ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ" ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱ ^[᱑᱔] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

᱑᱙᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱳᱴᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ

᱑᱘᱐᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ,ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱒᱓-᱓᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱳᱫᱟᱨ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱛᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱩᱭᱤᱞᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱨᱤᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ^[᱑᱕] ᱱᱤᱛᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ^{[better source needed]}

᱑᱘᱐᱐ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ

^[᱑᱖]ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ)᱾

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ

ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱞᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱵᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱞᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱳᱴᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:

ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ

ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ

ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱩ, ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱥᱚᱨᱦᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱦᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ^[᱑᱗] ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚᱭᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ

ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ

ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ

Horadiri - It is the stone in which family tree is written.
Chalpadiri or Saasandiri - It is the stone in remarking boundary of any village and its limits.
Magodiri - This is the headstone of a social criminal who committed polygamy or unsocial marriage.
Ziddiri - This is the stone placed over burial of placenta and dried navel part of a newborn.^[᱑᱘]^[᱑᱙]

᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱚᱰᱟᱜ, ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱟᱱᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨ

ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ

.^[᱒᱐]

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ

ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ

ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ

.^[᱒᱑]

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱫᱚᱭᱟᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱞᱟ (ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱔–᱒᱐᱑᱓), ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱯᱩᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱝᱨᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱳᱨᱳ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱩᱜᱩᱱ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱖᱒), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ,^[᱒᱒] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ^[᱒᱓]
ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱩᱜᱩᱱ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ,᱑᱙᱘᱖), ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱜᱟᱨᱣᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾^[᱒᱔]
ᱢᱩᱱᱢᱩᱱ ᱞᱩᱜᱩᱱ, ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱖), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (᱑᱘᱗᱕-᱑᱙᱐᱐), ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (᱑᱙᱐᱓-᱑᱙᱗᱐), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱡᱳᱥᱮᱯᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱓᱖), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱱᱤᱞᱠᱟᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ,᱑᱙᱖᱘), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (᱑᱙᱓᱙-᱒᱐᱑᱑), ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱐), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱛᱩᱲᱚᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱔᱗), ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱫᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ (᱑᱙᱓᱔-᱒᱐᱑᱒), "ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱤ" ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣᱤᱡ
ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱷ ᱛᱚᱯᱱᱚ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱔), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱩᱴᱤᱵ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨ

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
↑ "Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex" (PDF) (in Bengali). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
↑ Osada, Toshiki (19 March 2008). "3. Mundari". In Anderson, Gregory (ed.). The Munda languages. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-32890-6. ...the designation Munda is used for the language family. Mundari, on the other hand, refers to an individual language, namely the language of Munda people.
↑ "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
↑ Srivastava, Malini (2007). "The Sacred Complex of Munda Tribe" (PDF). Anthropologist. 9 (4): 327–330. doi:10.1080/09720073.2007.11891020. S2CID 73737689. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
↑ "Tribals who convert to other religions will continue to get quota benefits: Jual Oram | India News". The Times of India (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
↑ "Adivasi Volume 52, Number 1&2" (PDF). Web Archive. December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 November 2016.
↑ "Mundari Language". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
↑ "Homepage". Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
↑ "History of Munda Tribe Language : Mundari". mundariuniversity. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
↑ Parkin, Robert (1993). "Second Reply to Pfeffer" (PDF). University of Oxford. p. 161. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020. The term 'Munda' is of Sanskritic origin and therefore not original in any sense to Austroasiatic speakers, although it has come to be used by one tribe as an alternative to their own term 'Horo' (Le. Roy's group; cf. Pfeffer above, p. 154; also Parkin 1990: 17, 23).
↑ Alpa Shah (2003). "An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India" (PDF). p. 88. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
↑ "Scientists solve genetic puzzle surrounding Mundas". down-to-earth.org. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
↑ John Peterson (October 2021). "The spread of Munda in prehistoric South Asia -the view from areal typology To appear in: Volume in Celebration of the Bicentenary of Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute (Deemed University)". Retrieved 1 September 2022.
↑ Pandey, Prashant (18 September 2017). "Jharkhand: Amit Shah launches scheme for villages of freedom fighters". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
↑ "List of Schedule Castes". Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.
↑ "Mundas, Munda Tribe in Jharkhand India, Occupation of Mundas". ecoindia.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
↑ "Menhirs and cultural diffusion: megalithic practices in Central-eastern India | Antiquity Journal". antiquity.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
↑ "The Constitution set in stone: Adivasis in Jharkhand are using an old tradition as a novel protest". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
↑ Sanjay Nath (2015). "Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton": 19. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Kumar V, Reddy AN, Babu JP, Rao TN, Langstieh BT, Thangaraj K, Reddy AG, Singh L, Reddy BM (March 2007). "Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47. PMC 1851701. PMID 17389048. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (help)
↑ "Amrit Lugun has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Greece". mea.gov.in. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
↑ "SAARC Secretariat". saarc-sdmc.nic.in. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
↑ Ganguly, M. +date=11 Aug 2011. "Hindi stalwarts praise tribal poet". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ

{{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ

Parkin, R. (1992). The Munda of central India: an account of their social organisation. Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563029-7 ISBN 0-19-563029-7
Omkar, P.(2018). "Santhal tribes present in India" like Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal... Belavadi.
Omkar, patil.(2018). "Kola tribes"...

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

ᱥᱚᱨᱱᱟᱼ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱮᱥᱴᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱞᱚᱝᱼ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱾
"ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱟᱥ" ᱾ ᱮᱱᱥᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱯᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱢ ᱾ 18 (11 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ) ᱾ 1911. ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱲ ᱾
ᱟᱨ ᱳᱭᱮ ᱟᱭ | ᱟᱨ ᱳᱭᱮᱟᱭ, ᱞᱩᱱᱰᱥ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱭᱮᱭᱟᱭ (ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱱᱡᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱯᱳᱡᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱠᱮᱥᱮᱹᱥ)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-A6AA-C @view ᱟᱨ ᱳᱣᱟᱭᱟᱭ ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱴᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱠᱟᱭᱵᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱾

ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnic groups in Nepal ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled tribes of India ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hill tribes of Northeast India ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Scheduled tribes in Orissa ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Tribes of Jharkhand ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Ethnicity

[census-1] "A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix". censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

[2] "Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex" (PDF) (in Bengali). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.

[Osada-3] Osada, Toshiki (19 March 2008). "3. Mundari". In Anderson, Gregory (ed.). The Munda languages. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-32890-6. ...the designation Munda is used for the language family. Mundari, on the other hand, refers to an individual language, namely the language of Munda people.

[Cen2011-4] "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.

[Srivas-5] Srivastava, Malini (2007). "The Sacred Complex of Munda Tribe" (PDF). Anthropologist. 9 (4): 327–330. doi:10.1080/09720073.2007.11891020. S2CID 73737689. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.

[6] "Tribals who convert to other religions will continue to get quota benefits: Jual Oram | India News". The Times of India (in ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.

[7] "Adivasi Volume 52, Number 1&2" (PDF). Web Archive. December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 November 2016.

[BD-8] "Mundari Language". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2017.

[9] "Homepage". Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.

[10] "History of Munda Tribe Language : Mundari". mundariuniversity. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.

[11] Parkin, Robert (1993). "Second Reply to Pfeffer" (PDF). University of Oxford. p. 161. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020. The term 'Munda' is of Sanskritic origin and therefore not original in any sense to Austroasiatic speakers, although it has come to be used by one tribe as an alternative to their own term 'Horo' (Le. Roy's group; cf. Pfeffer above, p. 154; also Parkin 1990: 17, 23).

[12] Alpa Shah (2003). "An Anthropological Study of Rural Jharkhand, India" (PDF). p. 88. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

[13] "Scientists solve genetic puzzle surrounding Mundas". down-to-earth.org. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[14] John Peterson (October 2021). "The spread of Munda in prehistoric South Asia -the view from areal typology To appear in: Volume in Celebration of the Bicentenary of Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute (Deemed University)". Retrieved 1 September 2022.

[15] Pandey, Prashant (18 September 2017). "Jharkhand: Amit Shah launches scheme for villages of freedom fighters". The Indian Express (in ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2017.

[16] "List of Schedule Castes". Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.

[auto-17] "Mundas, Munda Tribe in Jharkhand India, Occupation of Mundas". ecoindia.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

[18] "Menhirs and cultural diffusion: megalithic practices in Central-eastern India | Antiquity Journal". antiquity.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.

[19] "The Constitution set in stone: Adivasis in Jharkhand are using an old tradition as a novel protest". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.

[academia.edu-20] Sanjay Nath (2015). "Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton": 19. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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[22] "Amrit Lugun has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Greece". mea.gov.in. 3 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

[23] "SAARC Secretariat". saarc-sdmc.nic.in. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.

[24] Ganguly, M. +date=11 Aug 2011. "Hindi stalwarts praise tribal poet". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016.

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